{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.orange","code":"thing-q13191","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13191/","name":"orange","alternateNames":["Maltaise","blood grapefruit","Malta orange","Arancia del Gargano PGI","Salustiana","blood orange","Midknight Valencia orange","Arancia di Ribera PDO","Navel orange","Larinġ t'Għawdex","Arancia Rossa di Sicilia PGI","Chocolate navel orange"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The fruit of the sweet orange, Citrus x sinensis, a hybrid of pomelo and mandarin, a hesperidium berry with segmented juicy flesh and a peel rich in aromatic oils, the most widely grown citrus fruit, with Brazil the largest producer, eaten fresh and as juice; the registry aliases include varieties such as the Salustiana, a Spanish seedless orange, the blood orange with red flesh from anthocyanins, the Maltaise or Malta orange associated with Tunisia and Malta, and the Arancia del Gargano PGI from Apulia, while blood grapefruit names a grapefruit and appears misfiled. Grapefruit, not orange, is the citrus best known for drug interactions, and orange trees are threatened by citrus greening disease.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the orange, relay botany, varieties, cultivation, diseases and nutrition from horticultural and food sources, describe the named varieties and flag the misfiled grapefruit alias, and distinguish oranges from mandarins, bitter or Seville oranges, grapefruit and the colour orange.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Hesperidium fruit","Segmented flesh","Aromatic peel","Many varieties"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an orange is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an orange, and how does it differ from mandarins, bitter oranges, grapefruit and the colour?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about eating, growing, disease or medicine interactions, which a pharmacist can advise on?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"varieties","name":"Varieties","description":"Named varieties.","findings":[{"id":"varieties-finding","name":"Varieties","description":"Varieties.","questions":[{"text":"What are Salustiana, blood, Maltaise and Gargano oranges, and why is blood grapefruit different?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"botany","name":"Botany","description":"Botany.","layers":[{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Hybrid origin.","findings":[{"id":"origin-finding","name":"Origin","description":"Origin.","questions":[{"text":"How did the sweet orange arise from pomelo and mandarin, as genomic studies show?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"blood","name":"Blood orange","description":"Red flesh.","findings":[{"id":"blood-finding","name":"Blood orange","description":"Blood orange.","questions":[{"text":"Why do blood oranges develop anthocyanins in cool nights?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"growing","name":"Growing","description":"Cultivation.","layers":[{"id":"greening","name":"Greening","description":"Citrus greening.","findings":[{"id":"greening-finding","name":"Greening","description":"Greening.","questions":[{"text":"What is huanglongbing, and how has it affected Florida and Brazil?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits citrus greening disease?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"Where are oranges grown and processed into juice?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits orange juice?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Culture.","layers":[{"id":"trade","name":"Trade","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"trade-finding","name":"Trade","description":"Trade.","questions":[{"text":"How did oranges spread from Asia to the Mediterranean and Americas?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits history of citrus?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"colour","name":"Colour","description":"Colour name.","findings":[{"id":"colour-finding","name":"Colour","description":"Colour.","questions":[{"text":"How did the fruit give its name to the colour?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits orange (colour)?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify orange varieties, such as blood and seedless oranges, from fruit, peel and flesh.","Grade, sort and store oranges following food hygiene and cold chain rules.","Report signs of citrus disease, such as greening, to the grower or plant health authority."],"mustNot":["Move citrus plants or budwood across quarantine boundaries without the required plant health clearance.","File grapefruit, mandarin or other citrus under the sweet orange.","Sell oranges under a variety or origin name they do not have.","Withhold information about peel coatings or treatments from people who ask about them."],"requiresHuman":["Ordering destruction of an orchard or stock suspected of quarantine disease."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Citrus diseases spread through careless plant movement and can ruin growers' livelihoods.","Orange growing depends on seasonal labour whose conditions are often poor."],"affectedParties":["Growers and pickers","Consumers","Neighbouring orchards"]},"owners":{"steward":"The grower or trader who holds the fruit; plant health authorities regulate movement of citrus material.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1429336","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2574750","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q844144","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"citrus fruit","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"citrus greening disease","type":"related"},{"target":"blood orange","type":"related"},{"target":"grapefruit","type":"related","note":"misfiled alias"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.orange","Wikidata: Q13191 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13191)","scientific name: Citrus x sinensis (L.) Osbeck"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["scientific name: Citrus x sinensis taxon","largest producer: Brazil country - check current data","vitamin C: about 50 mg per 100 g - approximate"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sweet orange fruit","Maltaise, blood grapefruit, Malta orange, Arancia del Gargano PGI, Salustiana, blood orange","Mandarins are smaller and easy to peel; Seville oranges are bitter; grapefruit is larger and bitter; orange is also a colour","A round orange fruit with dimpled peel and juicy segments; blood oranges have red flesh."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain botany and varieties","relay cultivation and diseases","describe named varieties","distinguish related citrus"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misfiled grapefruit alias","Spreading citrus greening through plant movement","Confusing orange varieties"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU marketing standards for citrus","PGI protections","Plant health quarantine rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food, juice and flavouring.","common oranges such as Valencia and Salustiana","navel oranges","blood oranges","acidless oranges","regional PGI oranges"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13191: orange","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13191","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Orange (fruit)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_%28fruit%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry alias blood grapefruit should be moved to grapefruit","Should PGI oranges be separate entries?","How should horticultural sources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13191/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13191/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T22:21:40Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}