{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.romansh","code":"thing-q13199","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13199/","name":"Romansh","alternateNames":["Tuatschin","Ladin","Old Sursilvan","Sutsilvan","Sursilvan","Rumantsch Grischun","Surmiran","Scharans Sutsilvan","Bargunsegner"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance group spoken mainly in the Swiss canton of Graubunden, one of Switzerland s four national languages and a partial official language of the Confederation, with five traditional written idioms, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, and the Engadine idioms Puter and Vallader, which are collectively called Ladin in Switzerland, alongside local varieties such as Tuatschin and historical forms such as Old Sursilvan, and the pan-regional standard Rumantsch Grischun created in 1982, whose use in schools has been debated; Swiss Ladin should be distinguished from Dolomitic Ladin in Italy. The language is considered endangered, with speaker numbers that should be checked against current census data.","purpose":"Let an agent explain Romansh, relay classification, idioms, standardisation, legal status and revitalisation from linguistic and Swiss government sources with debates attributed, describe the named varieties and note the Ladin ambiguity, and distinguish Romansh from Dolomitic Ladin, Friulian, Italian and Swiss German.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Swiss national language","Multiple written idioms","Standardisation debate","Endangered status"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Romansh is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Romansh, and how does it differ from Dolomitic Ladin, Friulian, Italian and Swiss German?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about learning, linguistics, law or a place in Graubunden?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"varieties","name":"Varieties","description":"Named varieties.","findings":[{"id":"varieties-finding","name":"Varieties","description":"Varieties.","questions":[{"text":"What are Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Tuatschin, Old Sursilvan, Swiss Ladin and Rumantsch Grischun?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"linguistics","name":"Linguistics","description":"Linguistics.","layers":[{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","findings":[{"id":"classification-finding","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"What do linguists debate about the unity of Rhaeto-Romance, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Romansh develop from Latin in Raetia?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Status and standardisation.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Legal status.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What official status does Romansh have federally and in Graubunden?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits languages of Switzerland?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"rg","name":"Rumantsch Grischun","description":"Standardisation debate.","findings":[{"id":"rg-finding","name":"Rumantsch Grischun","description":"Rumantsch Grischun.","questions":[{"text":"What arguments were made for and against Rumantsch Grischun in schools, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Revitalisation.","layers":[{"id":"media","name":"Media","description":"Media.","findings":[{"id":"media-finding","name":"Media","description":"Media.","questions":[{"text":"How do RTR and Romansh media support the language?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"speakers","name":"Speakers","description":"Speaker numbers.","findings":[{"id":"speakers-finding","name":"Speakers","description":"Speakers.","questions":[{"text":"How many people speak Romansh, checked against current census data?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe Romansh, its idioms and its legal status in Switzerland.","Translate to or from Romansh, stating which idiom or the standard Rumantsch Grischun is used."],"mustNot":["Treat the Swiss Ladin idioms of the Engadine as the same as Dolomitic Ladin in Italy.","Take sides in the debate over the standard written form as if it were settled.","Present out-of-date speaker numbers as current.","Mock the language or its speakers."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing official or legal translations into Romansh."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Romansh is a small minority language; careless treatment speeds its decline.","Speakers have strong and different views about standardisation that deserve respect."],"affectedParties":["Romansh speakers","Learners and teachers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The community of its speakers; Swiss federal and cantonal authorities support its official use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q515593","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Rhaeto-Romance languages","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Lia Rumantscha","type":"related"},{"target":"Rumantsch Grischun","type":"related"},{"target":"Ladin language","type":"related","note":"Dolomitic Ladin"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.romansh","Wikidata: Q13199 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13199)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["national language recognition: 1938 year - referendum","Rumantsch Grischun: 1982 year - Heinrich Schmid","written idioms: 5 count - plus the standard"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Rhaeto-Romance language of Switzerland","Tuatschin, Ladin, Old Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Sursilvan, Rumantsch Grischun","Dolomitic Ladin is spoken in Italy; Friulian is in north-east Italy; Italian and Swiss German are neighbouring national languages","Not a physical object; written and spoken language on signs, media and in schools."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classification and idioms","relay standardisation debates with attribution","describe named varieties","relay legal status"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Swiss and Dolomitic Ladin","Partisan framing of standardisation debates","Stale speaker numbers"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Swiss Federal Constitution Article 4 and 70","Graubunden language law","ISO 639 code rm"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Communication and cultural identity in Graubunden.","Sursilvan","Sutsilvan","Surmiran","Puter and Vallader","Rumantsch Grischun"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13199: Romansh","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13199","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Romansh language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry alias Ladin should be clarified as the Engadine idioms rather than Dolomitic Ladin","Should each idiom be a separate entry?","How should census data be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13199/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13199/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:16:04Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}