{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.nahuatl","code":"thing-q13300","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13300/","name":"Nahuatl","alternateNames":["Nahuatl language in the United States","Southern Coahuila Nahuatl","Western Peripheral Nahuatl","Highland Puebla Nahuatl","Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl","Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl","Northern Chiapas Nahuatl","Auteco","Santa María La Alta Nahuatl","Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl","Tlamacazapa Nahuatl","Northern Puebla Nahuatl"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Uto-Aztecan language or group of closely related languages spoken by about 1.7 million Nahua people in Mexico, with communities in the United States, comprising many varieties such as Highland Puebla, Isthmus, Western Peripheral and Southern Coahuila Nahuatl; Classical Nahuatl represents historically documented varieties within this broader group rather than the ancestor of all modern varieties; Nahuatl has a rich colonial-era literature in the Latin alphabet, contributed words such as chocolate and tomato to world languages, and is recognised as a national language of Mexico while facing pressure from Spanish.","purpose":"Let an agent describe Nahuatl and its varieties, relay speaker numbers, linguistic features and history with sources, explain Classical and modern forms, and present revitalisation and rights issues with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Agglutinative and polysynthetic","Classical literary tradition","Many divergent varieties","Loanwords in world languages"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What Nahuatl is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Language and varieties.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Nahuatl, and how do its varieties relate?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about Classical Nahuatl, a modern variety or the Nahua people?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"speakers","name":"Speakers","description":"Speakers.","findings":[{"id":"speakers-finding","name":"Speakers","description":"Speakers.","questions":[{"text":"How many people speak Nahuatl, and where, with census sources?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Grammar and writing.","layers":[{"id":"grammar","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","findings":[{"id":"grammar-finding","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main features of Nahuatl grammar and phonology?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits Uto-Aztecan linguistics?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"writing","name":"Writing","description":"Writing and orthography.","findings":[{"id":"writing-finding","name":"Writing","description":"Writing.","questions":[{"text":"How has Nahuatl been written, from pictorial codices to Latin orthographies?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and literature.","layers":[{"id":"classical","name":"Classical","description":"Classical Nahuatl.","findings":[{"id":"classical-finding","name":"Classical","description":"Classical.","questions":[{"text":"What is Classical Nahuatl, and what literature survives, such as the Florentine Codex?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Classical Nahuatl?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"contact","name":"Contact","description":"Contact and loanwords.","findings":[{"id":"contact-finding","name":"Contact","description":"Contact.","questions":[{"text":"How did Nahuatl and Spanish influence each other, and which Nahuatl words entered world languages?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"today","name":"Today","description":"Rights and revitalisation.","layers":[{"id":"rights","name":"Rights","description":"Language rights.","findings":[{"id":"rights-finding","name":"Rights","description":"Rights.","questions":[{"text":"What legal status and rights does Nahuatl have in Mexico, and what debates exist, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and respectful of speaker communities?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning and revitalisation.","findings":[{"id":"learn-finding","name":"Learn","description":"Learn.","questions":[{"text":"What revitalisation efforts and learning resources exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits language revitalisation?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe Nahuatl, its varieties and its literature from scholarly and community sources.","Translate or teach a variety it has reliable data for, naming the variety."],"mustNot":["Treat one variety as standard Nahuatl and the rest as incorrect.","Use community language data for commercial models without consent or benefit.","Present a machine translation as authoritative for ceremony, law or health.","Describe the language or its speakers as extinct or belonging to the past."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing or licensing language data collected from speakers.","Using the language in official, medical or legal communication."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Speakers face discrimination, and schooling has pushed the language out of use.","Language data taken from Indigenous communities has rarely returned value to them."],"affectedParties":["Nahua communities","Speakers and their children","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"The speech communities themselves; national language institutes hold reference material.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11965602","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q34073","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q51739","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Nahuan","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Uto-Aztecan","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Indigenous languages of the Americas","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Nahua peoples","type":"related","note":"the speakers"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.nahuatl","Wikidata: Q13300 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13300)","ISO 639-2: nah","ISO 639-3: nci Classical Nahuatl, among about 30 codes"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["speakers: about 1.65 million people - Mexican census 2020","varieties: about 30 count - by ISO 639-3"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Uto-Aztecan language of the Nahua","Classical Nahuatl and many modern varieties","Aztec is a people and empire; Pipil in El Salvador is a related Nahuan language","Not a visible object; written in the Latin alphabet with several orthographies."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe varieties and classification","relay speaker numbers and features","explain history and literature","present revitalisation issues"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating varieties as one uniform language","Confusing Nahuatl with Aztec as a people","Language shift and endangerment of some varieties","Unsourced speaker figures"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mexican General Law of Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2003","INALI variety catalogue and orthography norms","Bilingual education policies"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a language.","Classical Nahuatl","Central Nahuatl varieties","Huasteca Nahuatl","Highland Puebla Nahuatl","Isthmus varieties such as Mecayapan and Cosoleacaque","Western Peripheral and Southern Coahuila Nahuatl","Nahuatl in the United States among migrants"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13300: Nahuatl","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13300","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Nahuatl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahuatl","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Classical Nahuatl and major varieties be separate entries?","How should INALI and census sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific varieties; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13300/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13300/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T00:18:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}