{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.second-declension","code":"thing-q133859623","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q133859623/","name":"second declension","alternateNames":["second declension (m/f) noun","second declension irregular noun","second declension neuter noun"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A class of nouns in Latin, and analogous classes in Ancient Greek and other inflected languages, sharing a pattern of endings; in Latin it includes mostly masculine nouns in -us or -er and neuter nouns in -um, with genitive singular in -i, alongside irregular nouns.","purpose":"Let an agent explain second declension endings, genders, irregular forms and use in reading and learning Latin and Greek.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Noun inflection class","Masculine and neuter nouns in Latin","Genitive singular -i","Some irregular nouns"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Endings.","layers":[{"id":"decline","name":"Decline","description":"Paradigm.","findings":[{"id":"decline-finding","name":"Decline","description":"Paradigm.","questions":[{"text":"What are the case endings for this second declension noun?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How do neuter endings differ?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"Recognising the class.","findings":[{"id":"identify-finding","name":"Identify","description":"Recognition.","questions":[{"text":"How can a noun be identified as second declension from its dictionary entry?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What does the genitive tell us?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"exceptions","name":"Exceptions","description":"Irregular nouns.","layers":[{"id":"irregular","name":"Irregular","description":"Irregular forms.","findings":[{"id":"irregular-finding","name":"Irregular","description":"Irregular nouns.","questions":[{"text":"Which second declension nouns are irregular, such as deus?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are they declined?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"gender","name":"Gender","description":"Feminine exceptions.","findings":[{"id":"gender-finding","name":"Gender","description":"Gender exceptions.","questions":[{"text":"Which second declension nouns are feminine, such as names of trees?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How does agreement work with them?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"greek","name":"Greek","description":"Comparison.","layers":[{"id":"omicron","name":"Omicron","description":"Greek second declension.","findings":[{"id":"omicron-finding","name":"Omicron","description":"Greek second declension.","questions":[{"text":"How does the Ancient Greek second declension compare with Latin?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which grammar describes it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Practice.","findings":[{"id":"learning-finding","name":"Learning","description":"Practice.","questions":[{"text":"Which exercises help learners master these endings?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which common errors should be avoided?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"other","name":"Other languages","description":"Other declension systems.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Other languages","description":"Other languages.","questions":[{"text":"Is the second declension of another language, such as Russian or Lithuanian, meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is it numbered there?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"reading","name":"Reading","description":"Reading texts.","findings":[{"id":"reading-finding","name":"Reading","description":"Reading texts.","questions":[{"text":"How can a form in a text be parsed to find its case and number?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Could it belong to a different declension?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Decline and explain second declension nouns, citing grammars.","Help learners practise forms and identify exceptions."],"mustNot":["Present irregular nouns as following the regular pattern.","Mix Latin and Greek second declension endings without saying which language is meant.","Correct a quoted classical text to fit a grammar rule without noting it."],"requiresHuman":["Changing the text of an edition to normalise forms."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Learners rely on accurate grammar; errors compound over time.","Altering classical texts silently damages the record."],"affectedParties":["Students and teachers","Readers of classical texts"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a grammatical class held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q7443692","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"grammatical declension","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Latin grammar","type":"related","note":"context"},{"target":"agreement-relation","type":"related","note":"grammar"},{"target":"first declension","type":"related","note":"related class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.second-declension","Wikidata: Q133859623 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133859623)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Latin nouns in -us, -er and -um","Genitive singular in -i","First declension nouns end mostly in -a","Not physical; tables of noun endings in grammars."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["decline second declension nouns","identify gender and stem","handle irregular nouns","compare Latin and Greek second declensions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing -us nouns of other declensions","Missing neuter plural endings","Misidentifying gender"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No specific regulation; examination syllabuses set expected forms"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Language learning and philology.","masculine and feminine second declension nouns","neuter second declension nouns","nouns in -er and -ir","irregular second declension nouns","Greek omicron declension"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q133859623: second declension","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133859623","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia (de): O-Deklination","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Deklination","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Latin and Greek be separate entries?","How should paradigm tables be linked?","How should irregular nouns be listed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q133859623/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q133859623/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T14:09:48Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}