{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.classification","code":"thing-q13582682","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13582682/","name":"classification","alternateNames":["age periodization","musannaf","classification of cells","text classification","seismic classification","music competition class","eight-constitutions","RNA classification","security level","quasi-genre","position classification","functional classification"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The process of assigning things to classes or categories according to shared characteristics, and the resulting schemes, used in science for organisms, cells and rocks, in information handling for texts, documents and images, in history for periodisation, in seismology, in music competitions and in traditional scholarship such as hadith collections; classification underpins knowledge organisation, statistics and machine learning and is evaluated for consistency and usefulness.","purpose":"Let an agent explain classification as a process and its principles, describe classification schemes across fields, support designing and applying classifications, and relate classification to machine learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Criteria-based","Hierarchical or flat","Cross-field","Evaluable"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What classification is.","layers":[{"id":"principles","name":"Principles","description":"Principles.","findings":[{"id":"principles-finding","name":"Principles","description":"Principles.","questions":[{"text":"What makes a good classification, including mutually exclusive and exhaustive classes and clear criteria?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which field sense is meant here?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"schemes","name":"Schemes","description":"Schemes across fields.","findings":[{"id":"schemes-finding","name":"Schemes","description":"Schemes.","questions":[{"text":"How do biological, library, statistical, seismic, historical and other classification schemes differ?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific scheme?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Designing and applying.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Designing a classification.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How can a classification scheme be designed for this purpose, and how are edge cases handled?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits taxonomy design?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Classifying items.","findings":[{"id":"apply-finding","name":"Apply","description":"Application.","questions":[{"text":"How should this item be classified under this scheme, and how is consistency ensured?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which references decide?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"computing","name":"Computing","description":"Automated classification.","layers":[{"id":"ml","name":"ML","description":"Machine learning classifiers.","findings":[{"id":"ml-finding","name":"ML","description":"Machine learning.","questions":[{"text":"How do text, image and other classifiers work, and how are they evaluated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits machine learning?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"bias","name":"Bias","description":"Bias and fairness.","findings":[{"id":"bias-finding","name":"Bias","description":"Bias.","questions":[{"text":"What biases arise in classification systems and classifiers, and what do researchers recommend?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of classification.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did classification develop from Aristotle and Linnaeus to modern knowledge organisation, including traditions such as hadith classification?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can classification be taught across subjects?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Build and apply classification schemes with clear criteria.","Report the scheme and version used for each classification.","Flag ambiguous or borderline cases."],"mustNot":["Classify people in ways that reproduce bias.","Hide misclassification rates.","Use outdated schemes without saying so.","Apply classifications to people's sensitive traits without consent."],"requiresHuman":["Classifications that decide people's access to services, credit or rights."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Classifications of people have been used to discriminate.","Misclassification can hide risks or deny help."],"affectedParties":["People classified","Users of the scheme"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the process; the owner of each scheme answers for it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q29182544","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3249551","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q99194088","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"process","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"information handling","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"equivalence relation","type":"related","note":"classes as equivalence classes"},{"target":"abstraction","type":"related","note":"forming categories"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.classification","Wikidata: Q13582682 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13582682)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Assignment to classes by characteristics","Schemes and criteria","Clustering finds groups without predefined classes; ranking orders items","Not physical; schemes, taxonomies and labelled sets."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain principles","describe schemes across fields","support designing classifications","relate to machine learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ambiguous or overlapping classes","Bias in classification systems","Misclassification"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Standard classification systems such as library and statistical classifications","Taxonomic codes of nomenclature","Evaluation standards for classifiers"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assigning things to categories.","biological and scientific classification","library and document classification","text and image classification in computing","periodisation and historical classification","classification in competitions and administration"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13582682: classification","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13582682","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Classification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each classification system be a separate entry?","How should standards be linked?","How should machine learning resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13582682/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13582682/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T01:09:15Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}