{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.capsicum-annuum","code":"thing-q1380","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1380/","name":"Capsicum annuum","alternateNames":["Gernika pepper","Pimiento najerano","Piquant d'Algérie pepper","shishitō"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Capsicum annuum L. is the principal cultivated pepper of Solanaceae, a diploid Mesoamerican domesticate whose cultivars supply nearly all sweet/bell peppers and a large share of culinary chilies and paprika, and which is separated from the other domesticated Capsicum species by typically solitary flowers, a calyx without an annular constriction, and pale straw-coloured seeds.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum annuum, assess an individual plant's development and condition, and choose justified cultivation, propagation and harvest actions.","scope":{"in":["Species identification evidence and uncertainty, including confusion with other cultivated Capsicum species","Cultivar or accession identity and observed variation in growth, fruit form and pungency","Vegetative development, flowering, fruit set and fruit maturation","Plant condition interpreted against growing conditions and intervention history","Propagation suitability and harvest readiness for a stated purpose"],"out":["Independent taxonomic models of other Capsicum species","Greenhouse, field, soil and irrigation-system management beyond their effects on the plant","Independent pest and pathogen identification models","Detached produce storage, processing, recipes and commercial food-lot management","Seed-lot certification, breeding-program design and cultivar ownership","Human clinical responses to capsaicin exposure"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Count flowers at several flowering nodes: predominantly solitary flowers support C. annuum identification, but occasional clusters prevent using this as a decisive test. [OECD Capsicum biology consensus document](https://one.oecd.org/document/ENV/JM/MONO%282006%292/en/pdf)","Inspect fresh corollas for colour and markings: cultivated C. annuum typically has white, largely unmarked corollas; document exceptions and use a regional key before excluding alternatives. [World Flora Online](https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001019990)","Photograph the mature calyx and its junction with the fruit stalk: cultivated C. annuum descriptions report an essentially truncate calyx and lack of an early basal constriction; interpret late constriction cautiously because expanding fruit can produce it. [World Flora Online](https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001019990)","Test a proposed identification against a combination of flower arrangement, corolla appearance and fruit-stalk morphology; a fruit photograph or market name alone leaves the identification provisional. The botanical description supplies these combined characters. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A316944-2/general-information)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"pepper-identity","name":"Pepper identity","description":"Establish whether the plant belongs to Capsicum annuum and what its cultivar label actually establishes.","layers":[{"id":"species-evidence","name":"Species evidence","description":"Assess reproductive characters against an identified botanical reference.","findings":[{"id":"combined-identification","name":"Combined identification","description":"Record the character combination, plausible alternatives and limits of the determination.","questions":[{"text":"What flower-per-node counts, corolla markings and mature calyx characters were actually observed?","id":"combined-identification-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which alternative Capsicum identifications remain compatible with those observations?","id":"combined-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which botanical key, specimen comparison or expert determination supports the assigned species?","id":"combined-identification-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"cultivar-and-origin","name":"Cultivar and origin","description":"Separate inherited labels from observed cultivar or accession evidence.","findings":[{"id":"label-confidence","name":"Label confidence","description":"Preserve source identity and explain discrepancies between labelled and observed pepper traits.","questions":[{"text":"Which seed source, accession or parent plant supplied the cultivar claim?","id":"label-confidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do observed fruit shape, maturation colour and growth habit agree with the documented source description?","id":"label-confidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"establishment-and-growth","name":"Establishment and growth","description":"Represent the plant's establishment, branching growth and response to its growing environment.","layers":[{"id":"establishment-state","name":"Establishment state","description":"Track emergence or transplant recovery through observed root and shoot development.","findings":[{"id":"establishment-progress","name":"Establishment progress","description":"Judge establishment from dated observations rather than elapsed time alone.","questions":[{"text":"When was this pepper sown or transplanted, and what new leaves or roots have developed since?","id":"establishment-progress-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence supports transplanting now or delaying until establishment improves?","id":"establishment-progress-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"canopy-and-exposure","name":"Canopy and exposure","description":"Connect branching, leaf condition and fruit-bearing structure to recorded exposure.","findings":[{"id":"growth-response","name":"Growth response","description":"Record changes in shoot growth and support needs alongside temperature, light and water observations.","questions":[{"text":"How have new growth, leaf posture and branch loading changed under the recorded growing conditions?","id":"growth-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which observation justifies changing irrigation, exposure or support, and what response will be checked?","id":"growth-response-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"flowering-and-propagation","name":"Flowering and propagation","description":"Track reproductive performance and the evidential limits of saved seed.","layers":[{"id":"flower-to-fruit","name":"Flower to fruit","description":"Follow flower cohorts through fruit establishment and loss.","findings":[{"id":"reproductive-retention","name":"Reproductive retention","description":"Distinguish missing flowers, failure to establish fruit and subsequent abortion.","questions":[{"text":"Of the flowers observed during a defined interval, how many formed retained fruit?","id":"reproductive-retention-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What pollination observations and growing-condition records accompany flower or young-fruit loss?","id":"reproductive-retention-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"seed-parentage","name":"Seed parentage","description":"Represent maternal identity, pollen-source uncertainty and evidence of seed readiness.","findings":[{"id":"propagation-confidence","name":"Propagation confidence","description":"State what saved seed can legitimately claim about parentage, maturity and expected offspring.","questions":[{"text":"Was the seed-bearing flower exposed to unknown pollen, isolated or deliberately pollinated?","id":"propagation-confidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence supports collecting this fruit for viable seed and making any cultivar-fidelity claim?","id":"propagation-confidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"pepper-condition-and-triage","name":"Pepper condition and triage","description":"Assess leaf, root and fruit symptoms without converting visual resemblance into a confirmed cause.","layers":[{"id":"symptom-pattern","name":"Symptom pattern","description":"Locate and track symptoms across organs and neighbouring plants.","findings":[{"id":"damage-distribution","name":"Damage distribution","description":"Record patterns such as distorted new leaves, persistent wilt or lesions at a fruit's blossom end.","questions":[{"text":"Which organs and ages are affected, and are fruit lesions at the blossom end, exposed surface or another location?","id":"damage-distribution-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which proposed causes have diagnostic evidence, and which remain explanations to test?","id":"damage-distribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"intervention-response","name":"Intervention response","description":"Connect a justified intervention to an observable follow-up and relevant use constraints.","findings":[{"id":"triage-decision","name":"Triage decision","description":"Choose whether to monitor, alter conditions, obtain diagnosis or isolate the plant.","questions":[{"text":"Does the evidence justify environmental adjustment, diagnostic sampling or isolation of this pepper plant?","id":"triage-decision-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What change in new leaves, wilt or newly developing fruit would demonstrate improvement?","id":"triage-decision-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which treatment records constrain subsequent harvesting or propagation?","id":"triage-decision-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"fruit-purpose-and-harvest","name":"Fruit purpose and harvest","description":"Judge attached fruit against its intended use, observed maturity and substantiated pungency.","layers":[{"id":"use-specific-maturity","name":"Use-specific maturity","description":"Define readiness for green-stage harvest, mature-colour harvest or seed retention.","findings":[{"id":"harvest-target","name":"Harvest target","description":"Assess each fruit against a declared target instead of assigning one ripe state to the entire plant.","questions":[{"text":"Is this fruit intended for green-stage use, mature-colour use or seed production?","id":"harvest-target-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What size, colour progression, firmness and condition support readiness for that purpose?","id":"harvest-target-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"pungency-and-release","name":"Pungency and release","description":"Keep pungency evidence and harvest eligibility separate from visual appeal.","findings":[{"id":"supported-fruit-use","name":"Supported fruit use","description":"Require traceable evidence for pungency claims and resolve relevant constraints before harvest for use.","questions":[{"text":"Is the pungency description a source claim or a measurement, and which fruit tissue and analytical basis does it describe?","id":"supported-fruit-use-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do fruit condition, treatment history and intended use support harvesting now, retaining the fruit or excluding it from that use?","id":"supported-fruit-use-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify cultivars of the species and describe their growing needs.","Report pungency and allergen information from reliable sources."],"mustNot":["Mislabel hot cultivars as sweet or hide their pungency.","Handle or recommend handling hot peppers without warning about skin and eye irritation.","Spread seeds of protected or patented varieties against plant breeders' rights.","Present capsaicin products derived from it as safe for use on people without warnings."],"requiresHuman":["Releasing new cultivars or genetically modified lines."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Pungency can cause pain and harm to children and sensitive people.","Smallholders and seed savers depend on fair access to varieties."],"affectedParties":["Consumers","Farmers","Children"]},"owners":{"steward":"Each grower owns their plants; breeders hold rights to protected varieties.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Plant variety protection registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11992872","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1362373","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.capsicum-annuum","Wikidata: Q1380 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1380)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Species determination: unexamined | provisional | supported | disputed; evidence and determiner recorded","Cultivar or accession provenance: Link to named cultivar, accession, supplier or parent material; unknown permitted","Flower arrangement and appearance: Flowers per node; corolla colour and markings; sampled nodes and photographs","Calyx and pedicel morphology: Calyx margin, basal constriction, pedicel orientation and organ maturity","Concurrent developmental states: Germinating, seedling, vegetative, budding, flowering, fruiting, senescing; multiple states permitted","Flower and fruit retention: Tagged flowers, retained fruit and aborted organs counted over a stated interval","Fruit phenotype: Length and width in mm, mass in g, shape, orientation and colour at a recorded stage","Fruit maturity: Developing | target harvest stage reached | seed maturity supported | deteriorating | uncertain","Pungency evidence: Unknown, cultivar claim, or measured capsaicinoid concentration in mg/kg with tissue, method and fresh/dry basis","Growing exposure: Air/root-zone temperature in °C, light duration in h/day and substrate-water measurement with method and time","Organ damage pattern: Affected organ, symptom, extent, onset, progression and diagnostic confidence","Treatment and release constraints: Links to treatment records, applicable instructions, intended use and unresolved restrictions"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Herbaceous plant with white flowers usually borne singly at each node.","Hollow fruits of many shapes and colours, from green to red, yellow and purple."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Inspect and document flowers, calyces and fruit to support or challenge species identification","Sow linked seed or transplant a plant when its condition and growing context support establishment","Adjust watering, growing exposure or physical support in response to recorded plant condition","Observe or manage pollination and trace retained fruit to documented flowers","Harvest selected fruit for a declared use when maturity and treatment constraints are satisfied","Retain propagation material or isolate a suspect plant when identity and health evidence justify the action"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Skin and eye burning from capsaicin when handling hot fruits.","Digestive upset from eating very pungent fruits."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISPM 38 on the International Movement of Seeds, adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures under the International Plant Protection Convention, applies to phytosanitary assessment of pepper seeds moving internationally.","UNECE Standard FFV-28 for Sweet Peppers, issued by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, defines commercial quality requirements for fresh sweet pepper produce within its scope."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Capsicum annuum is cultivated in gardens, fields and protected growing environments for sweet or pungent fruits.","Growers assess plant development, health and fruit maturity to guide cultivation, seed production and harvesting.","Some cultivars are also grown as ornamentals for their coloured fruits and compact growth."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums, 2nd edition","url":"","note":"Species diagnosis among cultivated Capsicum, cultivar groups actually grown (bell, paprika, jalapeño, New Mexico, cayenne), crop biology, and typical pungency ranges."},{"title":"Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.)","url":"","note":"Characters used to distinguish C. annuum from related species (flower number per node, calyx constriction, seed colour) and the measurements genebanks record."},{"title":"UNECE Standard FFV-28 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of sweet peppers","url":"https://unece.org/trade/wp7/FFV-Standards","note":"How sweet/bell C. annuum fruit is graded and traded internationally as a fresh vegetable."},{"title":"ISO 7540 Ground paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) - Specifications","url":"","note":"Trade identity of paprika as a C. annuum product, and moisture/colour specifications used in the spice trade."},{"title":"Capsicum annuum L.","url":"https://powo.science.kew.org/","note":"Accepted scientific name, authorship (Linnaeus), family placement, and native/introduced range."},{"title":"NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Capsicum annuum (taxid 4072)","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=4072","note":"Stable taxonomic identifier used in sequence databases."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q1380: Capsicum annuum","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1380","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Capsicum annuum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_annuum","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative diagnostic key adequately covers cultivated and wild C. annuum variation and its difficult boundaries with C. chinense and C. frutescens?","How should suspected interspecific hybrids be represented under vr.tr.capsicum-annuum when morphology and provenance disagree?","Which cultivar- and environment-specific thresholds are sufficiently supported for establishment, reproductive stress and harvest decisions?","What evidence is sufficient to assert seed maturity, viability and cultivar fidelity for the propagation material encountered?","Which sampling and analytical methods make pungency measurements comparable across tissues, maturity stages and fresh versus dry material?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1380/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1380/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T13:59:17Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 3 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}