{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.downy-mildew","code":"thing-q1394849","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1394849/","name":"downy mildew","alternateNames":["grapevine downy mildew","Sclerophthora macrospora downy mildew","pea downy mildew","Blue mold","Downy mildew of lettuce"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Downy mildew is a plant disease caused by oomycetes of the family Peronosporaceae, historically grouped with fungi but distinct from true fungi, often associated with yellow patches on upper leaf surfaces and downy grey or white growth beneath; examples include diseases caused by Plasmopara viticola on grapevines, pathogens of lettuce and peas, Sclerophthora macrospora on cereals and Peronospora tabacina associated with blue mould of tobacco; management includes resistant varieties, sanitation, humidity control and fungicides under regulation.","purpose":"Let an agent explain downy mildew as a plant disease, relay its hosts, causes, disease cycles, symptoms and management from plant pathology and agricultural extension sources, flag the incorrect registry parent, and distinguish it from powdery mildew, rusts and grey mould caused by true fungi and from late blight caused by related oomycetes.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Downy mildew is caused by oomycetes of the family Peronosporaceae rather than true fungi.","Affected leaves may develop downy growth on their undersides.","Disease development is often favoured by humid conditions.","Downy mildew can cause major crop losses."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What downy mildew is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is downy mildew, and how does it differ from powdery mildew, rusts, grey mould and late blight?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a garden, a farm, wine grapes or plant biology?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"diseases","name":"Diseases","description":"Named diseases.","findings":[{"id":"diseases-finding","name":"Diseases","description":"Diseases.","questions":[{"text":"What are grapevine, pea, lettuce and cereal downy mildews and tobacco blue mould?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific disease?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"pathology","name":"Pathology","description":"Pathogens.","layers":[{"id":"oomycetes","name":"Oomycetes","description":"Oomycetes.","findings":[{"id":"oomycetes-finding","name":"Oomycetes","description":"Oomycetes.","questions":[{"text":"Why are oomycetes not true fungi?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"cycle","name":"Disease cycle","description":"Disease cycle.","findings":[{"id":"cycle-finding","name":"Disease cycle","description":"Disease cycle.","questions":[{"text":"How do wet conditions drive infection and sporulation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"management","name":"Management","description":"Management.","layers":[{"id":"control","name":"Control","description":"Control methods.","findings":[{"id":"control-finding","name":"Control","description":"Control.","questions":[{"text":"What resistant varieties, sanitation and approved treatments are used, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits integrated pest management?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"copper","name":"Copper","description":"Copper debate.","findings":[{"id":"copper-finding","name":"Copper","description":"Copper.","questions":[{"text":"What do regulators and organic growers argue about copper use against downy mildew, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"vineyards","name":"Vineyards","description":"European vineyards.","findings":[{"id":"vineyards-finding","name":"Vineyards","description":"Vineyards.","questions":[{"text":"How did downy mildew and phylloxera transform European viticulture?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits phylloxera?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"bordeaux","name":"Bordeaux mixture","description":"Bordeaux mixture.","findings":[{"id":"bordeaux-finding","name":"Bordeaux mixture","description":"Bordeaux mixture.","questions":[{"text":"How was Bordeaux mixture discovered?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Bordeaux mixture?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain downy mildew as a plant disease caused by oomycetes, distinguishing the disease from its pathogens and from diseases caused by true fungi.","Monitor crops for symptoms and weather conditions that favour infection and alert the grower."],"mustNot":["Recommend copper or other treatments beyond approved label rates or limits.","Recommend repeated use of one fungicide group in ways that drive resistance.","Present downy mildew as an organism, describe its pathogens as true fungi or confuse the disease with powdery mildew."],"requiresHuman":["Spray decisions on a vineyard or field."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Copper build-up in soils harms soil life for decades.","Crop losses can ruin small growers, so advice must be accurate."],"affectedParties":["Growers","Soil organisms","Farm workers applying treatments"]},"owners":{"steward":"The grower answers for each crop; plant protection authorities approve treatments.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"plant disease","type":"related","note":"related"},{"target":"Plasmopara viticola","type":"related","note":"in grapes"},{"target":"Bordeaux mixture","type":"related","note":"historically"},{"target":"powdery mildew","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.downy-mildew","Wikidata: Q1394849 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394849)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Plasmopara viticola in Europe: 1878 year - France","Bordeaux mixture developed: 1880s note - Millardet","registry parent error: rust note - incorrect"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Downy mildew may present as yellow patches on upper leaf surfaces and downy grey or white growth beneath infected leaves.","Disease examples include grapevine downy mildew, pea and lettuce downy mildew, and blue mould of tobacco.","Symptoms alone do not establish the identity of a pathogen.","Powdery mildew, rusts and grey mould are diseases caused by true fungi, while late blight is caused by related oomycetes.","Angular yellow leaf spots with fluffy grey, white or purplish growth on undersides."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain pathogens and symptoms","relay disease cycles","describe named diseases","relay management approaches"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Copper accumulation in soils","Fungicide resistance","Incorrect registry parent"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Plant protection product regulations","Organic farming copper limits","Plant health quarantine rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; plant diseases.","grapevine downy mildew","lettuce and brassica downy mildews","legume downy mildews","cereal downy mildews","tobacco blue mould"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1394849: downy mildew","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394849","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Downy mildew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downy_mildew","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry parent rust should be corrected to oomycete plant disease","Should grapevine downy mildew be a separate entry?","How should extension guidance be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1394849/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1394849/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T00:25:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-09T07:29:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}