{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.arabic","code":"thing-q13955","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13955/","name":"Arabic","alternateNames":["Arabic language in the United States","Arabic language in Israel","Arabic language in Sweden","Arabic language in Iran","Judeo-Arabic","Arabic dialects in Israel","Judeo-Syrian Arabic","Judeo-Algerian Arabic","Judeo-Moroccan","Judeo-Yemeni Arabic","Judeo-Tunisian Arabic","Judeo-Egyptian Arabic"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Semitic language spoken by hundreds of millions across the Middle East and North Africa and in diaspora communities, with Modern Standard Arabic used in writing and formal settings alongside many spoken varieties such as Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf and Maghrebi Arabic; written right to left in the Arabic script.","purpose":"Let an agent handle Arabic by variety, script, grammar, learning and translation, respecting diglossia and regional varieties, and describing religious uses of Classical Arabic with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Semitic language","Diglossia between standard and spoken forms","Right-to-left script","Official in many countries and the UN"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"variety","name":"Variety","description":"Which Arabic.","layers":[{"id":"which","name":"Which","description":"Standard or dialect.","findings":[{"id":"which-finding","name":"Which","description":"Variety.","questions":[{"text":"Is Modern Standard Arabic or a spoken variety meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which region?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"diglossia","name":"Diglossia","description":"Use in context.","findings":[{"id":"diglossia-finding","name":"Diglossia","description":"Diglossia.","questions":[{"text":"Which variety is appropriate for this context, such as news or conversation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How do they differ?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"script","name":"Script","description":"Writing.","layers":[{"id":"writing","name":"Writing","description":"Letters and vowels.","findings":[{"id":"writing-finding","name":"Writing","description":"Writing system.","questions":[{"text":"How do Arabic letters change form by position?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"When are vowel marks used?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"software","name":"Software","description":"Right-to-left.","findings":[{"id":"software-finding","name":"Software","description":"Software support.","questions":[{"text":"Is the text rendered correctly right to left with proper shaping?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which Unicode and bidi rules apply?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Resources.","layers":[{"id":"courses","name":"Courses","description":"Resources.","findings":[{"id":"courses-finding","name":"Courses","description":"Learning resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which resources suit learning this variety?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which transliteration system do they use?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"translation","name":"Translation","description":"Professional help.","findings":[{"id":"translation-finding","name":"Translation","description":"Translation.","questions":[{"text":"Does this document need certified translation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the translator familiar with the relevant variety?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Literature and religion.","layers":[{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Heritage.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"Which literary traditions are central, according to scholars?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are translations available?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"religion","name":"Religion","description":"Classical Arabic.","findings":[{"id":"religion-finding","name":"Religion","description":"Religious use.","questions":[{"text":"What role does Classical Arabic play in Islam, according to Muslim sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is Arabic also used by other religious communities?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate, teach and analyze Arabic, stating whether Modern Standard Arabic or a spoken variety is used.","Render Arabic script correctly from right to left."],"mustNot":["Treat one dialect as universal or as the only correct Arabic.","Display Arabic text with broken shaping or reversed direction.","Present machine translations of legal, medical or religious texts as certified.","Associate the language with a religion, nationality or politics in a stereotyping way."],"requiresHuman":["Certified translation into or out of Arabic.","Translation of sacred or legal texts."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Arabic speakers face stereotyping; respectful treatment of the language matters.","Language access affects people's rights in courts, hospitals and asylum procedures."],"affectedParties":["Speakers and learners of Arabic","Readers of translations","Asylum seekers and migrants"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; it belongs to its speakers, with language academies advising on usage.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q34049","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Semitic language","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Arabic script","type":"related","note":"script"},{"target":"Arab League states and UN","type":"related","note":"status"},{"target":"Hebrew and Aramaic","type":"related","note":"related languages"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.arabic","Wikidata: Q13955 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955)","ISO 639-1: ar language code","ISO 639-3: ara (macrolanguage) language code"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Arabic script with connected letters","Standard and dialect varieties","Other languages such as Persian and Urdu use Arabic-derived scripts","Arabic script, cursive and right to left, with optional vowel marks."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["distinguish Modern Standard Arabic and spoken varieties","explain the script and right-to-left writing","find learning resources","handle Arabic text correctly in software"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating one dialect as universal","Broken right-to-left rendering","Machine translation errors with dialects"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Unicode Arabic script blocks","Arabic language academies"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Communication, literature, religion, media and diplomacy.","Modern Standard Arabic","Classical Arabic","Egyptian and Levantine Arabic","Gulf and Iraqi Arabic","Maghrebi Arabic and Judeo-Arabic varieties"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13955: Arabic","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should varieties be separate entries?","How should transliteration standards be linked?","How should religious uses be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13955/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13955/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T11:39:18Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}