{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.fineness","code":"thing-q1401905","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1401905/","name":"fineness","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The proportion of precious metal in an alloy, expressed as a mass fraction in parts per thousand, such as 999 for nearly pure gold or 925 for sterling silver, or in carats for gold where 24 carat is pure; fineness is verified by assay and shown by hallmarks and is central to bullion, jewellery and coinage.","purpose":"Let an agent explain fineness and its notations, convert between millesimal fineness and carats, interpret hallmarks, and help buyers and sellers of precious metals understand purity.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Mass fraction of precious metal","Parts per thousand or carats","Verified by assay","Legally regulated marks"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"convert","name":"Convert","description":"Notations.","layers":[{"id":"scales","name":"Scales","description":"Millesimal and carat.","findings":[{"id":"scales-finding","name":"Scales","description":"Scales.","questions":[{"text":"What is this fineness in carats, parts per thousand and percent?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is carat purity or carat gemstone weight meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"content","name":"Content","description":"Metal content.","findings":[{"id":"content-finding","name":"Content","description":"Metal content.","questions":[{"text":"How much pure metal does this item contain, given weight and fineness?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is its metal value at current prices, according to a quoted source?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"marks","name":"Marks","description":"Hallmarks.","layers":[{"id":"read","name":"Read","description":"Reading hallmarks.","findings":[{"id":"read-finding","name":"Read","description":"Reading hallmarks.","questions":[{"text":"What do the marks on this item indicate about fineness, assay office and date?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which country system applies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fake","name":"Fake","description":"Counterfeits.","findings":[{"id":"fake-finding","name":"Fake","description":"Counterfeits.","questions":[{"text":"Could the marks be counterfeit?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can purity be verified independently?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"assay","name":"Assay","description":"Testing.","layers":[{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Assay methods.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Assay methods.","questions":[{"text":"Which assay methods are used, such as fire assay, XRF and touchstone?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How accurate is each?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"services","name":"Services","description":"Assay offices.","findings":[{"id":"services-finding","name":"Services","description":"Assay offices.","questions":[{"text":"Where can an item be assayed and hallmarked here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What does it cost?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"standards","name":"Standards","description":"Legal standards.","layers":[{"id":"legal","name":"Legal","description":"Minimum standards.","findings":[{"id":"legal-finding","name":"Legal","description":"Legal standards.","questions":[{"text":"Which fineness standards are legal for gold and silver here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Must items be hallmarked before sale?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"bullion","name":"Bullion","description":"Bullion standards.","findings":[{"id":"bullion-finding","name":"Bullion","description":"Bullion.","questions":[{"text":"What fineness do bullion bars and coins have?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking for investment advice?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report fineness from hallmarks and assay certificates.","Explain fineness scales and carat equivalents."],"mustNot":["Misstate or fake fineness, hallmarks or assay results.","Sell plated or lower-grade metal as higher fineness.","Help evade hallmarking law."],"requiresHuman":["Certifying fineness for sale or valuation."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Buyers cannot judge purity by eye and depend on honest marking.","Precious metal fraud harms savers and small buyers most."],"affectedParties":["Buyers and sellers","Jewellers","Savers in precious metals"]},"owners":{"steward":"The assay office or hallmarking authority that tests and marks the metal.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Assay office hallmark records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q899138","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"mass fraction","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"hallmark","type":"related","note":"mark"},{"target":"Roman currency","type":"related","note":"historical coin fineness"},{"target":"amount-of-substance fraction","type":"related","note":"related fraction"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.fineness","Wikidata: Q1401905 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401905)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Marks such as 925, 750 or 999","Carat marks like 18K","Plated items carry different marks","Not physical; numbers stamped on metal items."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["convert fineness to carat and percentage","interpret hallmarks and standards","explain assay methods","compute metal content of an item"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Counterfeit marks","Confusing carat purity with carat weight","Mispriced items"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National hallmarking laws","Vienna Convention on the Control of Precious Metals","LBMA good delivery standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Stating and verifying precious metal purity.","gold fineness","silver fineness","platinum and palladium fineness","bullion standards","historical coin fineness"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1401905: fineness","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401905","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Fineness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should hallmarks be a separate entry?","How should national standards be linked?","How should assay services be localised?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1401905/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1401905/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T15:32:53Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}