{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.paradigm","code":"thing-q1428334","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1428334/","name":"paradigm","alternateNames":["prosodic class","defective paradigm","inflectional paradigm","conjugation class","inflection class","duale tantum"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"In linguistics, the complete set of inflected forms of a word, such as the conjugation of a verb or declension of a noun, organised by grammatical categories; related notions include inflection classes and defective paradigms.","purpose":"Let an agent handle grammatical paradigms by word, language, forms, class and irregularities, and separate the Kuhnian sense of paradigm.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Set of inflected forms","Organised by grammatical categories","Can be regular, irregular or defective","Language-specific"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"word","name":"Word","description":"Which paradigm.","layers":[{"id":"lemma","name":"Lemma","description":"Base form.","findings":[{"id":"lemma-finding","name":"Lemma","description":"Word.","questions":[{"text":"Which word and language is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which word class is it?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"class","name":"Class","description":"Inflection class.","findings":[{"id":"class-finding","name":"Class","description":"Inflection class.","questions":[{"text":"Which inflection class does it belong to?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which reference grammar says so?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"The table.","layers":[{"id":"table","name":"Table","description":"All forms.","findings":[{"id":"table-finding","name":"Table","description":"Paradigm table.","questions":[{"text":"What are all the forms of this word?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which categories organise them?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"irregular","name":"Irregular","description":"Exceptions.","findings":[{"id":"irregular-finding","name":"Irregular","description":"Irregularities.","questions":[{"text":"Which forms are irregular, suppletive or missing?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which source confirms them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Learners.","layers":[{"id":"patterns","name":"Patterns","description":"Regularities.","findings":[{"id":"patterns-finding","name":"Patterns","description":"Patterns.","questions":[{"text":"Which patterns help learners predict forms?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What exceptions should be memorised?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Computational.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Morphological data.","questions":[{"text":"Is machine-readable paradigm data available?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How accurate is it?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"science","name":"Philosophy of science","description":"Kuhn.","findings":[{"id":"science-finding","name":"Science","description":"Kuhnian sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is a scientific paradigm in the Kuhnian sense meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"model","name":"Model","description":"Exemplar.","findings":[{"id":"model-finding","name":"Model","description":"Exemplar sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is paradigm in the sense of a model example meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Give and explain inflectional paradigms from grammars and dictionaries.","Mark forms that are irregular, defective or varying by dialect."],"mustNot":["Present one dialect's forms as the only correct ones.","Invent forms for a language and present them as attested."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing grammar material for an endangered or minority language."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Calling dialect forms errors can stigmatise speakers.","Accurate paradigms help preserve endangered languages."],"affectedParties":["Speakers","Learners","Language communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a language; grammars and language bodies describe it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q16887380","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q980357","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"grammatical category grouping","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"grammatical case and tense","type":"related","note":"categories"},{"target":"morphology","type":"related","note":"field"},{"target":"paradigm (Kuhn)","type":"related","note":"another sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.paradigm","Wikidata: Q1428334 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428334)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Conjugation and declension tables","Inflection classes","Paradigm in philosophy of science is another sense","Tables of word forms by person, number, case or tense."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["list forms of a word","identify inflection classes","spot defective or irregular paradigms","build paradigm tables for learners"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assuming regularity","Missing defective forms","Confusing senses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UniMorph schema for inflection data"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Describing and learning word forms.","verb conjugation paradigms","noun declension paradigms","adjective paradigms","defective paradigms","suppletive paradigms"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1428334: paradigm","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428334","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia (de): Flexionsparadigma","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexionsparadigma","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should paradigms per language be separate entries?","How should UniMorph data be linked?","How should the Kuhnian sense be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1428334/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1428334/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T09:19:58Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-08T19:09:48+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}