{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.frame-construction","code":"thing-q14359196","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14359196/","name":"frame construction","alternateNames":["concrete frame"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A structural system in which a skeleton of columns and beams, or studs and joists, carries the loads of a building, with walls serving as infill or cladding rather than support, in forms such as timber framing, light wood frame construction, steel frame and the concrete frame of reinforced concrete columns, beams and slabs; frame construction allows open plans, large windows and tall buildings.","purpose":"Let an agent explain frame construction and its kinds, relay structural principles, materials and history from architecture and engineering sources, describe the concrete frame, and distinguish frame construction from load-bearing wall construction, shell structures and space frames.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Skeleton carries loads","Non-structural walls","Several materials","Open plans"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What frame construction is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is frame construction, and how does it differ from load-bearing walls, shells and space frames?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the system, a material, engineering or history?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What are timber, light wood, steel and concrete frames?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"engineering","name":"Engineering","description":"Engineering.","layers":[{"id":"principles","name":"Principles","description":"Principles.","findings":[{"id":"principles-finding","name":"Principles","description":"Principles.","questions":[{"text":"How do frames carry vertical and lateral loads through columns, beams, bracing and shear walls?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"concrete","name":"Concrete","description":"Concrete frames.","findings":[{"id":"concrete-finding","name":"Concrete","description":"Concrete.","questions":[{"text":"How are reinforced concrete frames designed and built?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Practice.","layers":[{"id":"codes","name":"Codes","description":"Codes.","findings":[{"id":"codes-finding","name":"Codes","description":"Codes.","questions":[{"text":"What do building and seismic codes require of frames?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits structural engineering?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"construction","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","findings":[{"id":"construction-finding","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","questions":[{"text":"How are frames erected on site, from platform framing to steel erection?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits construction?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did frame construction develop from timber halls to the Chicago frame and modernism?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of construction?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"architecture","name":"Architecture","description":"Architecture.","findings":[{"id":"architecture-finding","name":"Architecture","description":"Architecture.","questions":[{"text":"How did frames shape modern architecture and the curtain wall?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits curtain wall?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain frame construction systems and how loads pass through columns and beams.","Inspect and report on visible condition of a frame, such as rot, rust or cracking, for the owner."],"mustNot":["Advise removing or cutting columns, beams or studs without a structural engineer's approval.","Sign off a frame as safe on its own analysis.","Hide defects found during inspection from the owner or buyer.","Ignore fire protection requirements of steel or timber frames."],"requiresHuman":["Any structural alteration or demolition.","Declaring a damaged building safe to occupy."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Frame failures cause building collapses that kill occupants and workers.","Fire behaviour of light frames affects how fast people must escape."],"affectedParties":["Occupants","Construction workers","Neighbours"]},"owners":{"steward":"The building owner, with the structural engineer of record and the building control authority.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Building permit records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q811430","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"fixed construction","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"concrete frame","type":"related","note":"in reinforced concrete"},{"target":"load-bearing wall","type":"related","note":"construction"},{"target":"skyscraper","type":"related","note":"through steel frames"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.frame-construction","Wikidata: Q14359196 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14359196)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["concrete frame: columns, beams and slabs note - monolithic","balloon and platform framing: 19th century onward note - North America","first steel frame skyscraper: 1885 year - Home Insurance Building, Chicago"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Skeleton structure of columns and beams","Timber frame, light wood frame, steel frame, concrete frame","Load-bearing walls carry loads themselves; shells carry loads in surfaces; space frames are three-dimensional trusses","A grid of columns and beams or studs and joists with non-structural walls."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the system","relay kinds and principles","describe concrete frames","distinguish related systems"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Progressive collapse if key members fail","Seismic vulnerability of poorly detailed frames","Confusing frames with other systems"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Building codes and structural Eurocodes","Seismic design codes for frames"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Carrying building loads through a skeleton.","heavy timber framing","light wood frame construction","steel frame construction","reinforced concrete frame construction","moment and braced frames","hybrid frames"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q14359196: frame construction","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14359196","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia (nl): Skeletbouw","url":"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletbouw","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should concrete frame and steel frame be separate primary entries?","How should engineering sources be linked?","How should the registry link timber framing?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q14359196/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q14359196/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T15:18:08Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{},"score":1.0}}