{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.lying-triceps-extension","code":"thing-q1455470","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1455470/","name":"lying triceps extension","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The lying triceps extension is a resistance exercise performed lying face upward, with the upper arms elevated relative to the torso, in which elbow flexion lowers a resistance toward or behind the head and elbow extension raises it, primarily loading the triceps brachii.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise, describe and assess a lying triceps extension and identify what information is needed before selecting or modifying its execution.","scope":{"in":["Supine body support and upper-arm positioning","Elbow flexion and extension against resistance","Barbell, EZ-bar, dumbbell and cable implementations","Resistance path, movement endpoints and repetition control","Exercise-specific set records and execution constraints"],"out":["Standing or seated overhead triceps extensions","Triceps pushdowns and compound pressing exercises","Detailed anatomical models of the elbow and triceps","Equipment manufacture, maintenance and certification","Whole-program design and clinical rehabilitation prescriptions"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The performer lies face upward on a supporting surface; standing and seated elbow extensions fall outside this pattern.","The defining resisted action is elbow extension, with elbow flexion forming the return phase.","Upper-arm movement is constrained relative to a press, where movement at the shoulder is a substantial part of the repetition.","The hands or implement travel toward the head or behind it during lowering; the exact endpoint distinguishes variants rather than defining one compulsory path.","An exercise called a lying extension must still be checked against its observed movement; its name alone does not distinguish it from a close-grip bench press or a pullover-extension combination."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"exercise-identity","name":"Exercise identity","description":"Establishes the movement pattern and its boundary with neighbouring exercises.","layers":[{"id":"defining-action","name":"Defining action","description":"Recognises the supine resisted elbow-extension pattern.","findings":[{"id":"supine-elbow-extension","name":"Supine elbow extension","description":"Record body orientation and the principal joint action as the evidence for classification.","questions":[{"text":"Is the performer lying face upward while extending the elbows against resistance?","id":"supine-elbow-extension-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does the observed action primarily extend the elbows, or does it function as a press?","id":"supine-elbow-extension-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"names-and-hybrids","name":"Names and hybrids","description":"Connects local exercise labels to the actual movement without assuming equivalence.","findings":[{"id":"label-to-pattern","name":"Label-to-pattern mapping","description":"Treat labels such as skull crusher and French press as terms whose intended execution needs to be established.","questions":[{"text":"What source or practitioner supplied the exercise name and its execution description?","id":"label-to-pattern-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the named variant include deliberate shoulder movement that makes it a pullover-extension combination?","id":"label-to-pattern-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"support-and-implement","name":"Support and implement","description":"Describes how the body is supported and how resistance is held or attached.","layers":[{"id":"body-support","name":"Body support","description":"Captures the lying position and the space available around the head.","findings":[{"id":"support-and-clearance","name":"Support and clearance","description":"Record the support surface, torso inclination and clearance along the intended lowering path.","questions":[{"text":"What supports the torso and head, and what is the torso inclination?","id":"support-and-clearance-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Can the selected implement follow the planned path without contacting the support or nearby equipment?","id":"support-and-clearance-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"hand-implement-interface","name":"Hand-implement interface","description":"Captures grip, implement arrangement and whether the arms move together.","findings":[{"id":"grip-and-coupling","name":"Grip and coupling","description":"Distinguish one shared implement from independent implements and describe the actual hand positions.","questions":[{"text":"Which implement is used, and are the hands mechanically coupled or free to move independently?","id":"grip-and-coupling-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What grip orientation and hand spacing are used throughout the repetition?","id":"grip-and-coupling-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"movement-path","name":"Movement path","description":"Makes upper-arm orientation, elbow excursion and implement travel explicit.","layers":[{"id":"upper-arm-behaviour","name":"Upper-arm behaviour","description":"Separates the intended upper-arm position from its observed movement.","findings":[{"id":"orientation-and-drift","name":"Orientation and drift","description":"Record upper-arm orientation and changes across the repetition without imposing an unsupported universal tolerance.","questions":[{"text":"What upper-arm angle is intended relative to the torso or gravity?","id":"orientation-and-drift-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is observed upper-arm movement part of the specified variant or a departure from it?","id":"orientation-and-drift-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"elbow-and-implement-excursion","name":"Elbow and implement excursion","description":"Describes the endpoints and trajectory of each repetition.","findings":[{"id":"lowering-target-and-return","name":"Lowering target and return","description":"Record whether the implement approaches the forehead, passes beside the head or travels behind it, together with the elbow endpoints.","questions":[{"text":"Where does the implement travel relative to the head at the lower endpoint?","id":"lowering-target-and-return-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What elbow angles define the lower and upper endpoints for the recorded repetition?","id":"lowering-target-and-return-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"resistance-and-performance","name":"Resistance and performance","description":"Describes applied resistance and the work completed under a stated repetition standard.","layers":[{"id":"resistance-description","name":"Resistance description","description":"Records load magnitude and how its direction relates to the moving forearm.","findings":[{"id":"load-and-line-of-pull","name":"Load and line of pull","description":"Separate nominal load from resistance geometry, especially when comparing free weights with cables.","questions":[{"text":"Is the recorded load per dumbbell, the total bar-and-plate mass or a setting on an identified cable machine?","id":"load-and-line-of-pull-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Where is the cable anchor, or how does the forearm change orientation relative to gravity?","id":"load-and-line-of-pull-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"set-accounting","name":"Set accounting","description":"Defines how repetitions, timing and departures from the intended execution are recorded.","findings":[{"id":"comparable-repetitions","name":"Comparable repetitions","description":"Link each set result to its range, timing, arm-counting convention and any assistance.","questions":[{"text":"How many repetitions were completed per arm, and how were alternating repetitions counted?","id":"comparable-repetitions-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What timing, range changes or assisted repetitions must be recorded before comparing this set with another?","id":"comparable-repetitions-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"execution-control","name":"Execution control","description":"Captures entry into the working position, interruption conditions and return of the implement.","layers":[{"id":"entry-and-exit","name":"Entry and exit","description":"Describes how resistance reaches and leaves the working position.","findings":[{"id":"implement-transfer","name":"Implement transfer","description":"Record the planned handoff, self-positioning or cable access and the method for ending the set.","questions":[{"text":"How will the performer obtain the implement in the lying position and return it after the set?","id":"implement-transfer-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What assistance or equipment arrangement is available if the performer cannot complete the planned extension?","id":"implement-transfer-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"interruption-and-review","name":"Interruption and review","description":"Records loss of control, reported discomfort and unresolved execution constraints.","findings":[{"id":"continuation-constraints","name":"Continuation constraints","description":"Distinguish observed path or grip problems from reported symptoms and leave their causes unassigned.","questions":[{"text":"Was the set interrupted by grip loss, implement-path deviation or reported discomfort, and during which phase?","id":"continuation-constraints-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What unresolved condition requires review before another set is attempted?","id":"continuation-constraints-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lying triceps extension this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the lying triceps extension and general safety guidance for it.","Suggest a qualified trainer for people new to resistance exercise."],"mustNot":["Recommend loads or progressions for a specific person without knowing their health and experience.","Encourage lifting heavy weights over the head and face without a spotter or control.","Advise people with elbow or shoulder injuries to continue through pain."],"requiresHuman":["Exercise advice for a person with an injury or medical condition."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Weights lowered toward the head can cause serious injury if control is lost.","Fitness advice should not push people past what their bodies can safely do."],"affectedParties":["Gym users","People with injuries","Trainers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the exercise; trainers answer for the programmes they set.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q50320205","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.lying-triceps-extension","Wikidata: Q1455470 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455470)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Support configuration: flat bench | incline bench | decline bench | floor | other specified support","Resistance implementation: straight bar | EZ-bar | independent dumbbells | cable | other specified resistance","Arm coordination: bilateral coupled | bilateral independent | unilateral | alternating","Upper-arm orientation: degrees relative to the torso or gravity, with reference convention recorded","Elbow movement endpoints: degrees of flexion at each endpoint, with angle convention recorded","External resistance: kg per implement or total; cable setting and machine identity when applicable","Resistance direction: gravity or cable line of pull relative to the forearm through the repetition","Repetition timing: seconds for lowering, lower pause, extension and upper pause","Execution status: ready | underway | completed | interrupted | indeterminate","Reported discomfort: none reported | reported with location and phase | not assessed"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["The person lies face upward with the upper arms elevated relative to the torso.","The elbows bend and straighten as the resistance travels toward or behind the head and then away.","Movement occurs mainly at the elbows, with less upper arm movement than in a pullover or pressing exercise."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify an observed movement as a lying triceps extension or flag a boundary case.","Describe a variant through its support, implement, grip, upper-arm orientation and lowering endpoint.","Compare prescribed and observed repetitions for range, timing and upper-arm movement.","Record sets with unambiguous load and per-arm repetition conventions.","Identify missing setup, clearance or load-handling information before execution.","Flag interrupted repetitions or reported discomfort for review before further work."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Loss of control of the resistance can cause impact injuries to the head or face.","Excessive loading or poorly tolerated movement can aggravate elbow or shoulder pain.","Unstable support or insecure equipment can cause falls or unexpected movement of the resistance."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The lying triceps extension is used in resistance training to develop elbow extension strength and triceps muscle capacity.","It is encountered in gym and home exercise programmes using free weights or cable resistance.","Its suitability depends on the person's training experience, available equipment and shoulder or elbow limitations."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1455470: lying triceps extension","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455470","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Lying triceps extension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_triceps_extension","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative exercise references treat skull crusher and French press as synonyms, narrower variants or different movements?","How much deliberate shoulder movement can this registry entry include before a pullover-extension combination requires a neighbouring model?","Which conventions should define upper-arm angles, elbow endpoints and repetition completion across lying-extension variants?","What evidence supports comparing performance across forehead-directed, behind-head, inclined-bench and cable variants?","Which exercise-specific setup and interruption criteria are supported by credible coaching or clinical sources, and to which populations do they apply?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1455470/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1455470/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:04:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No exercise-specific standard, law or official classification is identified as generally applicable to the lying triceps extension itself."},"score":1.0}}