{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.leaching","code":"thing-q1483184","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1483184/","name":"leaching","alternateNames":["steeping","Bacterial leaching","carbon leaching","nitrate leaching"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The extraction or loss of soluble substances from a solid by a liquid percolating through it, occurring naturally as nutrients such as nitrate and dissolved carbon leach from soils into groundwater, and used industrially and domestically, as in steeping tea or herbs, bacterial or bioleaching of metals from ores, and heap leaching in mining; leaching can also release contaminants from waste and landfills.","purpose":"Let an agent explain leaching in soils, industry and daily life, relay processes, measurement and environmental impacts from soil science, mining and environmental sources, describe the forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish leaching from runoff, erosion, filtration and general solvent extraction.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Percolation","Dissolution","Natural and industrial","Water quality impacts"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What leaching is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is leaching, and how does it differ from runoff, erosion, filtration and solvent extraction?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about soils, mining, cooking or pollution?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"What are steeping, bacterial leaching, carbon leaching and nitrate leaching?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific form?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Soils and water.","layers":[{"id":"soils","name":"Soils","description":"Soil leaching.","findings":[{"id":"soils-finding","name":"Soils","description":"Soils.","questions":[{"text":"How do nutrients and carbon leach from soils, and what affects rates?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"water","name":"Water","description":"Water quality.","findings":[{"id":"water-finding","name":"Water","description":"Water.","questions":[{"text":"How do nitrate rules and landfill leachate controls protect groundwater?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Industry.","layers":[{"id":"mining","name":"Mining","description":"Mining.","findings":[{"id":"mining-finding","name":"Mining","description":"Mining.","questions":[{"text":"How are heap leaching and bioleaching used to recover metals, and what risks arise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits heap leaching?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"food","name":"Food","description":"Food and drink.","findings":[{"id":"food-finding","name":"Food","description":"Food.","questions":[{"text":"How does steeping extract flavour and compounds?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits infusion?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Materials and history.","layers":[{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Materials leaching.","findings":[{"id":"materials-finding","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","questions":[{"text":"How can chemicals leach from plastics and building materials, as studies report?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits migration (food packaging)?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How have leaching methods been used historically, such as for saltpetre and lye?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits lye?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how leaching works in soils, landfills, mining and cooking.","Report measured leachate or nitrate levels from monitoring the agent is authorized to read."],"mustNot":["Help dispose of waste where its leachate will reach groundwater or streams.","Downplay contamination from mining or landfill leachate in reports.","Advise use of leaching agents in extraction outside a licensed and monitored operation.","Tell a household its well water is safe without a laboratory test."],"requiresHuman":["Declaring water affected by leaching safe to drink or to use for irrigation."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Leachate can poison water that communities depend on for decades.","Nutrient leaching links farm practice to the health of rivers and the sea."],"affectedParties":["People who rely on groundwater","Aquatic ecosystems","Farmers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The operator of the site where leaching happens; environmental authorities set and enforce limits.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Environmental permit and monitoring records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q25383999","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"solid-liquid extraction","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"nitrate pollution","type":"related","note":"of groundwater"},{"target":"bioleaching","type":"related"},{"target":"surface runoff","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.leaching","Wikidata: Q1483184 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483184)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["nitrate drinking water limit: 50 mg/L - EU and WHO guideline value","bioleaching share of copper: significant minority note - estimates vary","registry parent: solid-liquid extraction note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Removal of solubles by percolating liquid","Steeping, bacterial leaching, carbon leaching, nitrate leaching","Runoff flows over surfaces; erosion moves particles; filtration separates solids; solvent extraction is broader","Not a visible object; water moving through soil, ore or plant material."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain processes","relay environmental and industrial aspects","describe named forms","distinguish related processes"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Groundwater contamination","Toxic leachate from mining and landfills","Confusing leaching with runoff"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU Nitrates Directive","Mining and landfill leachate regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Extracting solubles, and a natural loss process.","soil nutrient leaching including nitrate and carbon","bioleaching of metals","heap and in-situ leaching in mining","steeping in food and drink preparation","leachate from landfills"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1483184: leaching","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483184","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Leaching (chemistry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_%28chemistry%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should bioleaching and nitrate leaching be separate primary entries?","How should environmental sources be linked?","The registry alias steeping is a domestic sense; how should it be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1483184/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1483184/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T19:07:11Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}