{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.electric-discharge-in-gases","code":"thing-q1495118","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1495118/","name":"electric discharge in gases","alternateNames":["dielectric barrier discharge"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.TME"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The passage of an electric current through a gas, which becomes electrically conducting when ionised, producing effects such as glow, sparks or arcs; the registry alias names the dielectric barrier discharge. Electric discharge in gases underlies fluorescent and neon lighting, plasma devices and lightning, and it is studied in physics and plasma science. Different regimes, from quiet glow to bright arc, depend on pressure, voltage and geometry.","purpose":"Let an agent explain electric discharge in gases, relay its principle, regimes and applications from physics sources, note the dielectric barrier discharge, and distinguish gas discharge from conduction in metals and from ordinary sparks in air only.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Current through gas","Requires ionisation","Glow, spark or arc","Basis of gas lighting"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What gas discharge is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is electric discharge in gases, and how does it differ from conduction in metals?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a specific regime such as an arc?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"regimes","name":"Regimes","description":"Regimes.","findings":[{"id":"regimes-finding","name":"Regimes","description":"Regimes.","questions":[{"text":"How do glow, spark and arc discharges differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific regime?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"principle","name":"Principle","description":"Principle.","layers":[{"id":"ionisation","name":"Ionisation","description":"Ionisation.","findings":[{"id":"ionisation-finding","name":"Ionisation","description":"Ionisation.","questions":[{"text":"How does a gas become conducting through ionisation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Conditions.","findings":[{"id":"conditions-finding","name":"Conditions","description":"Conditions.","questions":[{"text":"How do pressure, voltage and geometry set the regime?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are these measured?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"applications","name":"Applications","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"lighting","name":"Lighting","description":"Gas lighting.","findings":[{"id":"lighting-finding","name":"Lighting","description":"Lighting.","questions":[{"text":"How do neon and fluorescent lamps use gas discharge?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"plasma","name":"Plasma","description":"Plasma devices.","findings":[{"id":"plasma-finding","name":"Plasma","description":"Plasma.","questions":[{"text":"How is gas discharge used to make and use plasma?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits plasma?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Context.","layers":[{"id":"nature","name":"Nature","description":"In nature.","findings":[{"id":"nature-finding","name":"Nature","description":"Nature.","questions":[{"text":"How does lightning show gas discharge in nature?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What high-voltage hazards attend gas discharge?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where should safety guidance be sought?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how a gas becomes conducting and the regimes of glow, spark and arc discharge.","Monitor discharge lamps or plasma equipment it is authorized to operate and report faults.","Point out the high-voltage hazards that come with discharge devices."],"mustNot":["Operate or open high-voltage discharge equipment without the interlocks and authorization the operator requires.","Advise anyone to build or modify high-voltage discharge devices without proper safety precautions.","Understate the risk of shock, burns, ozone or ultraviolet exposure from discharges.","Dispose of discharge lamps that contain mercury with ordinary waste."],"requiresHuman":["Energising high-voltage discharge equipment in a space where people are present."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["High voltages used to sustain discharges can kill or burn on contact.","Some discharge lamps contain hazardous substances that harm the environment when discarded carelessly."],"affectedParties":["Operators and technicians","People near equipment","Waste handlers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the phenomenon; the operator of each discharge device answers for its safe use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q488071","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"electric discharge","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"conduction in metals","type":"related"},{"target":"plasma","type":"related"},{"target":"lightning","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.electric-discharge-in-gases","Wikidata: Q1495118 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495118)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["medium: ionised gas note","regimes: glow, spark, arc list","registry parent: electric discharge note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Current passing through an ionised, glowing gas","Dielectric barrier discharge","Metals conduct through free electrons without ionising a gas; a discharge needs an ionised gas","Seen as glowing gas, sparks or bright arcs between electrodes, as in neon tubes or lightning."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the principle","relay discharge regimes","relay applications","distinguish it from metallic conduction"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing with metallic conduction","Ignoring regime differences","Understating high-voltage hazards"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electrical safety standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Passing current through an ionised gas.","glow discharge","arc discharge","dielectric barrier discharge"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1495118: electric discharge in gases","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495118","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Electric discharge in gases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_discharge_in_gases","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should discharge regimes be separate entries?","How should plasma be linked?","How should safety be noted?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1495118/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1495118/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T03:47:14Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}