{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bandwidth","code":"thing-q1576430","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1576430/","name":"bandwidth","alternateNames":["memory bandwidth"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QTY"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The maximum rate at which data can be transferred over a communication channel, network link, bus or memory system, measured in bits per second or bytes per second, as in network bandwidth, memory bandwidth and storage throughput, and in the original signal sense the width of a frequency range in hertz; bandwidth limits performance in computing and telecommunications, is shared and managed among users, and is marketed and regulated in internet services.","purpose":"Let an agent explain bandwidth in data and signal senses, describe how it is measured and limited, support diagnosing and planning bandwidth needs, and describe regulation and marketing of internet bandwidth.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Rate limit","Data and signal senses","Shared resource","Performance factor"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What bandwidth is.","layers":[{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Data and signal senses.","findings":[{"id":"senses-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Senses.","questions":[{"text":"How does data bandwidth in bits per second relate to signal bandwidth in hertz, and how does it differ from latency and throughput?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which sense of bandwidth is meant here?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Bandwidth in systems.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Systems.","questions":[{"text":"How do network, memory, storage and bus bandwidth limit system performance?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific system?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"measure","name":"Measure","description":"Measuring and planning.","layers":[{"id":"measure","name":"Measure","description":"Measuring bandwidth.","findings":[{"id":"measure-finding","name":"Measure","description":"Measurement.","questions":[{"text":"How is bandwidth measured with speed tests and benchmarks, and why do results vary?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits network testing?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"plan","name":"Plan","description":"Planning needs.","findings":[{"id":"plan-finding","name":"Plan","description":"Planning.","questions":[{"text":"How much bandwidth does this use case need, and how can bottlenecks be found and relieved?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits network design?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"manage","name":"Manage","description":"Sharing and regulation.","layers":[{"id":"sharing","name":"Sharing","description":"Sharing bandwidth.","findings":[{"id":"sharing-finding","name":"Sharing","description":"Sharing.","questions":[{"text":"How is bandwidth shared and managed among users through quality of service and traffic management?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits network management?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"regulation","name":"Regulation","description":"Marketing and regulation.","findings":[{"id":"regulation-finding","name":"Regulation","description":"Regulation.","questions":[{"text":"How are broadband speeds advertised and regulated, and what debates exist about net neutrality, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Theory and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Information theory.","findings":[{"id":"theory-finding","name":"Theory","description":"Theory.","questions":[{"text":"How do the Shannon-Hartley theorem and channel capacity relate signal bandwidth to data rate?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can bandwidth be taught with practical measurements?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Measure and report bandwidth on networks it is authorized to monitor.","Allocate bandwidth according to agreed policies.","Explain the difference between bandwidth, throughput and latency."],"mustNot":["Throttle or block traffic in breach of law or agreed policy.","Use network capacity it is not authorized to use.","Starve emergency or safety-critical traffic of bandwidth.","Advertise bandwidth that a service cannot deliver."],"requiresHuman":["Changing traffic priorities that affect other users."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Access to bandwidth shapes access to education, work and services.","Traffic management can be used to discriminate between users or content."],"affectedParties":["Network users","Rural and low-income households","Emergency services"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the measure; the network operator answers for each link.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q10578722","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q495092","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"data transfer rate","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"maximum","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"radio","type":"related","note":"signal bandwidth"},{"target":"dynamic frequency scaling","type":"related","note":"system performance factors"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bandwidth","Wikidata: Q1576430 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Maximum data rate","Bits per second or hertz","Latency is delay; throughput is achieved rate","Not physical; a rate on specifications and speed tests."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain data and signal senses","describe measurement and limits","support diagnosis and planning","describe regulation"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing bandwidth with latency or throughput","Misleading marketing","Bottlenecks from shared links"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Networking standards defining link rates","Advertising rules on broadband speeds","Spectrum regulation for signal bandwidth"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Maximum data transfer rate.","network bandwidth","memory bandwidth","storage and bus bandwidth","signal bandwidth in hertz","bandwidth in marketing and regulation"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should signal bandwidth be a separate entry?","How should networking standards be linked?","How should regulation be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1576430/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1576430/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T01:28:50Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.938}}