{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hyperboloid-structure","code":"thing-q1580122","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1580122/","name":"hyperboloid structure","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A structure whose surface follows a hyperboloid of one sheet, a doubly ruled surface that can be built from straight members, giving strength and stiffness with little material; introduced by Vladimir Shukhov in 1896 and used for water towers, radio and transmission towers, cooling towers, lighthouses and buildings such as the Canton Tower.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the geometry and structural logic of hyperboloid structures, identify notable examples, relay engineering and heritage information, and distinguish them from other lattice and shell structures.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Doubly ruled surface","Straight members forming a curved shape","High stiffness with low material","Shukhov origin"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"geometry","name":"Geometry","description":"Shape and structure.","layers":[{"id":"surface","name":"Surface","description":"The surface.","findings":[{"id":"surface-finding","name":"Surface","description":"Surface.","questions":[{"text":"What is a hyperboloid of one sheet, and why can straight members form it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the structure a hyperboloid or another curved form?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"mechanics","name":"Mechanics","description":"Structural behaviour.","findings":[{"id":"mechanics-finding","name":"Mechanics","description":"Mechanics.","questions":[{"text":"Why are hyperboloid structures stiff and economical?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits structural engineering?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"examples","name":"Examples","description":"Notable structures.","layers":[{"id":"shukhov","name":"Shukhov","description":"Shukhov towers.","findings":[{"id":"shukhov-finding","name":"Shukhov","description":"Shukhov.","questions":[{"text":"What towers did Shukhov build, and which survive?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific tower?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"modern","name":"Modern","description":"Modern examples.","findings":[{"id":"modern-finding","name":"Modern","description":"Modern.","questions":[{"text":"What modern hyperboloid structures exist, from cooling towers to the Canton Tower?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"engineer","name":"Engineer","description":"Design and construction.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How are hyperboloid towers and shells designed and analysed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits shell structures?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"construction","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","findings":[{"id":"construction-finding","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","questions":[{"text":"How are they built, including telescoping erection of Shukhov towers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits construction methods?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"heritage","name":"Heritage","description":"History and heritage.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the form spread from Russia to the world?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of engineering?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Protection.","findings":[{"id":"protection-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Protection.","questions":[{"text":"Which structures are protected, and what conservation issues arise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits industrial heritage?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the geometry of hyperboloid structures and their use in towers and cooling towers.","Report visible damage or corrosion on a hyperboloid structure to its owner."],"mustNot":["Climb or access a hyperboloid tower without the owner's permission and safety arrangements.","Assess a structure as safe without a qualified engineer's inspection.","Alter or remove members of a lattice tower, since each carries load."],"requiresHuman":["Declaring a heritage hyperboloid tower unsafe or approving its demolition."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Several early lattice towers are protected heritage of engineering history.","Tall structures endanger people below if neglected."],"affectedParties":["People near the structure","Maintenance workers","Heritage communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of the structure; heritage bodies where it is listed.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q811430","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"fixed construction","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"lattice structure","type":"related","note":"when built from members"},{"target":"hyperboloid","type":"related","note":"the surface"},{"target":"Vladimir Shukhov","type":"related","note":"in 1896"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hyperboloid-structure","Wikidata: Q1580122 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1580122)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["first built: 1896 year - Shukhov water tower, Nizhny Novgorod","tallest example: about 600 m - Canton Tower, Guangzhou"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Waisted surface of a hyperboloid of one sheet","Lattice of straight members or a thin concrete shell","Cylindrical lattice towers and cones are different geometries","A waisted tower or shell, wide at the base and top and narrow in the middle, often a lattice of straight crossing members."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the geometry and why straight members work","identify notable examples","relay engineering and heritage information","distinguish from other lattice and shell forms"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Corrosion of steel members","Buckling of thin shells","Neglect of heritage structures"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Structural design codes for towers and shells","Heritage protection of Shukhov towers"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Efficient towers and shells built from straight members or thin shells.","Shukhov lattice towers","hyperboloid cooling towers in concrete","transmission and radio towers","lighthouses and water towers","hyperboloid buildings and observation towers"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1580122: hyperboloid structure","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1580122","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Hyperboloid structure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structure","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should notable towers be separate entries?","How should engineering references be linked?","How should heritage status be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1580122/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1580122/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T21:40:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}