{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.r-975-whirlwind","code":"thing-q15921165","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q15921165/","name":"R-975 Whirlwind","alternateNames":["R9-A","R-975-11 Whirlwind","R-975-E2 Whirlwind","R-975-1 Whirlwind"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.FLW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An American nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engine of about 450 horsepower, originating in the J-6 Whirlwind series introduced by Wright Aeronautical in 1929 and later built by Continental; it powered light aircraft and, in variants such as the R-975-E2 and R-975-C1, several Second World War armoured vehicles. Described here at a heritage and technical-history level.","purpose":"Let an agent describe the R-975 Whirlwind engine by history, variants, general specifications and surviving examples, at a heritage level without operational military detail.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["It is a nine-cylinder radial engine.","It originated in the J-6 Whirlwind series introduced in 1929.","It had aircraft and vehicle applications.","It is a historical engine."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Development.","layers":[{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Development.","findings":[{"id":"origins-finding","name":"Origins","description":"Development.","questions":[{"text":"How did the R-975 develop from the J-6 Whirlwind, according to aviation historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"When was it produced?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"variants","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","findings":[{"id":"variants-finding","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","questions":[{"text":"Which variants existed, and what distinguished them in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which were built by Continental?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"technical","name":"Technical","description":"General specifications.","layers":[{"id":"specs","name":"Specs","description":"Specifications.","findings":[{"id":"specs-finding","name":"Specs","description":"Specifications.","questions":[{"text":"What are the displacement, weight and power ratings, according to published references?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do sources disagree?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Radial design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Radial design.","questions":[{"text":"How does a nine-cylinder radial engine work in general terms?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are its advantages and drawbacks?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"applications","name":"Applications","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"aircraft","name":"Aircraft","description":"Aircraft uses.","findings":[{"id":"aircraft-finding","name":"Aircraft","description":"Aircraft applications.","questions":[{"text":"Which aircraft used the R-975, according to historical references?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do any still fly?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"vehicles","name":"Vehicles","description":"Vehicle uses.","findings":[{"id":"vehicles-finding","name":"Vehicles","description":"Vehicle applications.","questions":[{"text":"Which historical armoured vehicles used variants of the engine, according to museums and historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the description kept to heritage and general technical history?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"preservation","name":"Preservation","description":"Surviving engines.","layers":[{"id":"museums","name":"Museums","description":"Where to see one.","findings":[{"id":"museums-finding","name":"Museums","description":"Museums.","questions":[{"text":"Which museums display an R-975?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are any running examples shown?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"restoration","name":"Restoration","description":"Restoring engines.","findings":[{"id":"restoration-finding","name":"Restoration","description":"Restoration.","questions":[{"text":"Which safety and airworthiness rules apply to restoring and running historic engines?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which organisations support restorers?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the engine's history and the aircraft and vehicles it powered at a heritage level.","Catalogue preserved engines in museums."],"mustNot":["Provide guidance to restore or run vintage engines in aircraft without certified maintenance.","Misrepresent the airworthiness or history of an engine for sale.","Glorify military uses against civilians."],"requiresHuman":["Returning a vintage engine to flight service."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Vintage engines that fly carry risk to crews and people below.","Military heritage should remember those harmed in war."],"affectedParties":["Pilots and passengers","Museum visitors","Collectors"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of each engine; aviation authorities for engines in airworthy aircraft.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Aircraft registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q113231564","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"J-6 Whirlwind engine","type":"related","note":"family"},{"target":"radial engine","type":"related","note":"type"},{"target":"Wright Aeronautical and Continental","type":"related","note":"manufacturers"},{"target":"aviation museum","type":"related","note":"heritage"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.r-975-whirlwind","Wikidata: Q15921165 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15921165)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["power: about 450 hp - typical rating"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Nine-cylinder single-row radial","Wright or Continental data plates","The R-1820 Cyclone is a larger radial","A nine-cylinder radial engine with cylinders arranged in a circle around the crankcase."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe the engine history and variants","find general specifications from published sources","find museums and restored examples","relate it to the Whirlwind engine family"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting unverified specifications","Providing operational military detail","Safety risks in restoring old engines"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Historic aircraft airworthiness rules for surviving engines"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Aviation and technology history and preservation.","R-975 aircraft variants","R-975-E and -C vehicle variants","Continental-built R-975","related J-6 Whirlwind engines"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q15921165: R-975 Whirlwind","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15921165","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Wright R-975 Whirlwind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should variants be separate entries?","How should museum holdings be linked?","How should published specifications be sourced?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q15921165/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q15921165/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T15:11:44Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}