{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.straw","code":"thing-q160066","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q160066/","name":"straw","alternateNames":["barley straw","wheat straw","rye straw","maize straw","rice straw","oilseed straw"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Straw is the air-dry lignocellulosic stem-and-leaf residue of cereal and similar seed crops that remains after grain has been threshed, handled as a bulk agricultural material rather than as a purpose-grown forage.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise agricultural straw, assess a particular lot's condition and suitability, and decide how it may be handled, stored or used.","scope":{"in":["Crop origin and the plant parts present in a straw lot","Harvest, separation and subsequent treatment history","Loose, chopped and baled forms and their physical condition","Moisture, deterioration, contamination and storage condition","Suitability and preparation requirements for a declared use"],"out":["Drinking straws and other tubular utensils","Standing crops and their cultivation","Grain and other separately harvested crop products","Hay or other forage harvested as a feeding product","Finished straw panels, buildings, paper and other manufactured products","Animal diets, composting systems and combustion equipment as complete systems"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Determine whether 'straw' denotes agricultural stem material or a drinking utensil; the name alone does not establish identity.","Check harvest purpose and separation history when distinguishing straw from hay; colour or dryness alone is insufficient.","Inspect whether the material consists principally of identifiable stems rather than grain, husks, chaff or a mixed residue stream.","Check whether stalk structure remains recognisable when distinguishing chopped straw from wood shavings, shredded paper or other bedding materials.","Determine whether processing has produced a separate manufactured article whose identity and performance require a neighbouring model."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"straw-identity-and-origin","name":"Straw identity and origin","description":"Establishes what the material is and which crop and separation history support that identification.","layers":[{"id":"material-identity","name":"Material identity","description":"Determines the meaning of straw and the plant material present.","findings":[{"id":"stem-material-boundary","name":"Stem material boundary","description":"Record the evidence for identifying the material as agricultural straw, including mixed or ambiguous components.","questions":[{"text":"Does this entry denote agricultural stem material, and what observation or record supports that interpretation?","id":"stem-material-boundary-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What separates this lot from hay, chaff or an undifferentiated crop-residue mixture?","id":"stem-material-boundary-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"crop-and-separation-history","name":"Crop and separation history","description":"Connects the straw to its crop source and harvest operations.","findings":[{"id":"crop-source-and-recovery","name":"Crop source and recovery","description":"Record crop identity, harvest purpose and how the stems were recovered and separated.","questions":[{"text":"Which crop or crop mixture produced the straw, and how certain is that attribution?","id":"crop-source-and-recovery-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"When and how was the straw separated from the harvested crop, and which field or harvest records remain available?","id":"crop-source-and-recovery-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"stem-form-and-bale-condition","name":"Stem form and bale condition","description":"Describes the physical form in which straw can be inspected, moved and prepared.","layers":[{"id":"stem-size-and-composition","name":"Stem size and composition","description":"Captures fragment dimensions and the accompanying plant fractions.","findings":[{"id":"usable-stem-fraction","name":"Usable stem fraction","description":"Record the distribution of stem lengths and the proportions of other material relevant to the intended use.","questions":[{"text":"What stem or fragment lengths are present, and how was the sample selected?","id":"usable-stem-fraction-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What proportions of the lot are stems, leaves, husks, residual grain or non-plant material?","id":"usable-stem-fraction-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"baling-and-compaction","name":"Baling and compaction","description":"Captures bale geometry, density and containment condition.","findings":[{"id":"bale-handling-readiness","name":"Bale handling readiness","description":"Record whether each handling unit retains its form and can be moved using the planned equipment.","questions":[{"text":"What are the bale dimensions, mass and density, or the bulk density if the straw is loose?","id":"bale-handling-readiness-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do broken bindings, deformation or shedding require rebaling or a different handling method?","id":"bale-handling-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"moisture-deterioration-and-storage","name":"Moisture, deterioration and storage","description":"Captures changing straw condition within a lot and during storage.","layers":[{"id":"moisture-and-heating","name":"Moisture and heating","description":"Records moisture and temperature with enough spatial and temporal context to interpret them.","findings":[{"id":"internal-condition-evidence","name":"Internal condition evidence","description":"Record internal and surface measurements separately and connect them to the applicable storage criteria.","questions":[{"text":"What moisture measurements represent the bale interior, exterior and any visibly wetted portions, and on what basis are they expressed?","id":"internal-condition-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How does internal temperature compare with ambient temperature and earlier readings?","id":"internal-condition-evidence-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which documented storage criteria determine whether this lot needs further monitoring or intervention?","id":"internal-condition-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"weathering-and-biological-condition","name":"Weathering and biological condition","description":"Relates exposure history to observed deterioration and its distribution.","findings":[{"id":"deteriorated-portions","name":"Deteriorated portions","description":"Record weather exposure, mould or decay evidence and whether affected material can be distinguished from the rest of the lot.","questions":[{"text":"What rain, ground contact, enclosure or ventilation conditions has the straw experienced since harvest?","id":"deteriorated-portions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where are mould, musty odour, discolouration or loss of stem integrity observed, and how much material was inspected?","id":"deteriorated-portions-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Should affected portions be segregated or the whole lot held pending assessment against its intended use?","id":"deteriorated-portions-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use-suitability-and-preparation","name":"Use suitability and preparation","description":"Connects straw condition and treatment history to a specific proposed use.","layers":[{"id":"contamination-and-treatment","name":"Contamination and treatment","description":"Captures foreign material, residues and deliberate treatments that may restrict use.","findings":[{"id":"use-relevant-exposures","name":"Use-relevant exposures","description":"Record known treatments and contamination evidence while distinguishing untested material from verified absence.","questions":[{"text":"Which crop chemicals, preservatives or other treatments are documented, and are their identities and application records available?","id":"use-relevant-exposures-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What inspection or testing evidence exists for foreign objects, soil, weed seeds, pests or residues relevant to the proposed use?","id":"use-relevant-exposures-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"allocation-and-preparation","name":"Allocation and preparation","description":"Determines whether the lot meets a receiving use's requirements and what preparation remains.","findings":[{"id":"straw-use-decision","name":"Straw use decision","description":"Record the intended route, supporting acceptance evidence and any required preparation or unresolved checks.","questions":[{"text":"For the proposed bedding, mulch or processing use, which requirements does this lot meet and which remain unverified?","id":"straw-use-decision-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What chopping, drying, cleaning, unbaling or other preparation is required before the receiving process can accept it?","id":"straw-use-decision-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"If the lot fails acceptance, which alternative use or disposition has independently supported requirements it can meet?","id":"straw-use-decision-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of straw this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report straw quantity, moisture and storage condition for the farm that authorized it.","Describe uses such as bedding, building and mulch."],"mustNot":["Advise burning straw in fields where it is banned or near homes.","Store damp straw in ways that risk self-heating and fire.","Stack bales unsafely where they can fall on people.","Supply mouldy straw as animal bedding or feed."],"requiresHuman":["Field burning decisions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Straw burning pollutes air and harms health.","Straw is a resource for soil and low-carbon building."],"affectedParties":["Farm workers","Livestock","Neighbours"]},"owners":{"steward":"The farmer who grows or holds it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q28969364","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.straw","Wikidata: Q160066 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160066)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Crop origin: Recorded crop species or crop mixture; unknown","Plant-part composition: Mass percentages of stems, leaves, husks, residual grain and other material, with sampling method","Harvest and treatment history: Links to crop source, harvest, separation, drying and treatment records","Presentation form: Loose long-stem; chopped; small bale; large square bale; round bale; other recorded form","Stem or fragment length: mm, reported as a distribution with sampling method","Moisture content: % with wet-basis or dry-basis designation, method, location and time","Lot temperature: °C with ambient temperature, probe location and time series where available","Bulk or bale density: kg/m³ with moisture condition and measurement method","Deterioration evidence: Recorded observations of mould, musty odour, discolouration, softening or heating; not observed; not assessed","Contaminant evidence: Observed or tested soil, foreign objects, weed seeds, pests and chemical residues, with extent and evidence","Declared use and acceptance specification: Links to intended use, receiving process and applicable material requirements"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dry golden hollow stems, loose or pressed into bales."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify, sample and segregate straw lots by crop origin and condition.","Chop, bale, unbale or otherwise prepare straw to a declared material specification.","Select storage and monitoring actions using moisture, temperature and exposure evidence.","Allocate suitable straw to bedding, mulch or a specified processing route.","Hold, reject or redirect a lot when contamination or deterioration conflicts with its intended use."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Stack fires.","Bale collapse injuries.","Mould and dust affecting lungs."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 17225-1, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies fuel classification and quality requirements relevant to straw supplied as solid biofuel."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Straw is collected after cereal harvesting and used for animal bedding, soil mulching, construction materials and bioenergy.","Its suitability depends on crop origin, moisture, cleanliness and storage condition."]}},"sources":[{"title":"ISO 17225-1:2021, Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements. International Organization for Standardization.","url":"","note":"Treats straw as herbaceous agricultural biomass; underpins fuel-class, origin-code, ash and calorific framing used in trade and bioenergy."},{"title":"Commission Regulation (EU) No 68/2013 of 16 January 2013 on the Catalogue of feed materials. Official Journal of the European Union.","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/68/oj","note":"Names cereal straws as listed feed materials and is the European legal catalogue for straw sold as forage or bedding-adjacent feed."},{"title":"Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, heading 12.13 Cereal straw and husks, unprepared. World Customs Organization.","url":"","note":"The customs identity of unprepared cereal straw (chopped, ground, pressed or pelleted)."},{"title":"Sundstøl, F. and Owen, E. (eds), Straw and Other Fibrous By-products as Feed. Elsevier, 1984.","url":"","note":"Classic composition, digestibility and use of cereal straws as ruminant feed; distinguishes straw from hay and other fibrous residues."},{"title":"International Residential Code, Appendix S - Strawbale Construction. International Code Council.","url":"","note":"How straw is specified and constrained as a building material (bales, moisture, fire, plaster)."},{"title":"Crop Residues (Burning) Regulations 1993. United Kingdom statutory instrument.","url":"","note":"Legal control of straw and stubble burning as a regional practice and air-quality hazard."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q160066: straw","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160066","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Straw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.straw specifically mean agricultural straw, and does an existing Vercy world model already own that concept?","Which crop residues does the registry include under straw, particularly non-cereal stalks and mixtures with substantial chaff or leaves?","Which sampling methods and moisture or temperature criteria are appropriate for each straw form, storage arrangement and intended use?","Which treatment histories, contaminants and deterioration indicators require testing or exclusion for each intended use?","At what processing stage do pellets, treated fibres or bound straw products pass into a separate registered material or product model?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q160066/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q160066/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T10:30:34Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 3 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}