{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.matrophagy","code":"thing-q16069883","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q16069883/","name":"matrophagy","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Matrophagy, also called matriphagy, is the consumption of a mother by her own offspring, documented in some invertebrates as a form of terminal maternal provisioning.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise and compare reported matrophagy by recording maternal consumption by offspring, its developmental context, its consequences, and the evidence supporting classification.","scope":{"in":["Observed or reported consumption of maternal bodily tissues by offspring","Evidence establishing the consumed individual's maternal relationship to the consumers","The sequence connecting maternal condition, offspring feeding, and maternal death","Developmental, reproductive, and environmental circumstances of feeding","Measured outcomes for offspring and the mother","Terminological boundaries and competing explanations of the behaviour"],"out":["Cannibalism involving unrelated individuals, siblings, or paternal individuals","Maternal consumption of offspring","Provisioning through milk, secretions, regurgitated food, or unfertilised eggs without consumption of maternal bodily tissues","General species biology and taxonomy beyond what identifies the participants","Evolutionary theories of parental investment except as hypotheses tested against matrophagy evidence"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The feeding direction is offspring consuming the mother, rather than the mother consuming offspring.","Evidence must establish maternity; consumption of an adult female alone is insufficient.","The consumed material must include maternal bodily tissues rather than only food or secretions supplied by the mother.","Maternal death alone does not establish matrophagy: ingestion by offspring must also be demonstrated.","Whether consumption begins before or after maternal death is recorded explicitly rather than silently treated as equivalent."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"maternal-consumption-boundary","name":"Maternal consumption boundary","description":"Establishes who consumes whom and what material is ingested.","layers":[{"id":"mother-offspring-identification","name":"Mother-offspring identification","description":"Connects the consumers to the consumed maternal individual.","findings":[{"id":"maternity-evidence","name":"Maternity evidence","description":"Record how maternity is established and preserve uncertainty where brood membership or parentage is unresolved.","questions":[{"text":"What observation, breeding history, or parentage evidence establishes that the consumers are this individual's offspring?","id":"maternity-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Could any consumers be unrelated brood members, and would that change classification of their feeding?","id":"maternity-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"ingestion-boundary","name":"Ingestion boundary","description":"Separates consumption of maternal tissues from adjacent feeding processes.","findings":[{"id":"maternal-tissue-ingestion","name":"Maternal tissue ingestion","description":"Require evidence of ingestion and identify the material consumed, distinguishing it from secretions, regurgitated food, and provisioned eggs.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence shows that offspring ingested maternal bodily tissues rather than merely contacted or damaged them?","id":"maternal-tissue-ingestion-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the source's definition include partial tissue feeding or postmortem consumption, and how does that compare with the definition used here?","id":"maternal-tissue-ingestion-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"feeding-and-death-sequence","name":"Feeding and death sequence","description":"Reconstructs the transition into maternal consumption and its temporal relationship to death.","layers":[{"id":"feeding-onset","name":"Feeding onset","description":"Records maternal and offspring behaviour immediately before and during initial tissue ingestion.","findings":[{"id":"onset-behaviour","name":"Onset behaviour","description":"Describe observable actions without translating immobility or accessibility into intention or cooperation.","questions":[{"text":"What actions by the mother and offspring immediately precede the first confirmed tissue ingestion?","id":"onset-behaviour-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What observations distinguish active maternal facilitation from incapacity, lack of resistance, or offspring initiation?","id":"onset-behaviour-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"consumption-progression","name":"Consumption progression","description":"Tracks tissue removal, feeding participation, maternal condition, and death over time.","findings":[{"id":"death-and-feeding-order","name":"Death and feeding order","description":"Record the observed sequence and the criteria used to assess life and death, keeping temporal order separate from causal attribution.","questions":[{"text":"Was the mother demonstrably alive when feeding began, and how was the time of death assessed?","id":"death-and-feeding-order-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes death caused by offspring feeding from death caused by another process?","id":"death-and-feeding-order-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How much maternal tissue was consumed, over what interval, and by how many offspring?","id":"death-and-feeding-order-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"development-and-occurrence","name":"Development and occurrence","description":"Places matrophagy within brood development, maternal reproductive history, and observed conditions.","layers":[{"id":"developmental-position","name":"Developmental position","description":"Locates tissue consumption relative to earlier provisioning and later feeding independence.","findings":[{"id":"feeding-transition","name":"Feeding transition","description":"Record the developmental stage and surrounding feeding history without assuming a universal sequence.","questions":[{"text":"At what offspring stage does maternal tissue consumption begin?","id":"feeding-transition-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What maternal provisioning or independent feeding occurs before and after the event?","id":"feeding-transition-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"conditional-occurrence","name":"Conditional occurrence","description":"Records frequencies and conditions that could explain differences among observations.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-denominator","name":"Occurrence denominator","description":"Preserve sampling context, including food availability, brood size, maternal condition, and captivity or field setting.","questions":[{"text":"Among how many observed broods did matrophagy occur, and under which recorded conditions?","id":"occurrence-denominator-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence supports describing the behaviour as obligatory, facultative, or exceptional within the specified population and conditions?","id":"occurrence-denominator-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which missing comparison would best distinguish a developmental pattern from an effect of the observation setting?","id":"occurrence-denominator-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"outcomes-and-explanations","name":"Outcomes and explanations","description":"Separates measured consequences of maternal consumption from proposed biological functions.","layers":[{"id":"offspring-consequences","name":"Offspring consequences","description":"Captures measured changes in offspring performance and the comparisons supporting attribution.","findings":[{"id":"offspring-benefit-evidence","name":"Offspring benefit evidence","description":"Record survival, growth, development, or other measured outcomes with controls and observation periods.","questions":[{"text":"Which offspring outcomes were measured, over what period, and with what comparison group?","id":"offspring-benefit-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the comparison isolate consumption of maternal tissues from earlier maternal care and differences in food availability?","id":"offspring-benefit-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"maternal-costs-and-function","name":"Maternal costs and function","description":"Examines maternal consequences and the evidence behind explanations based on parental investment or offspring exploitation.","findings":[{"id":"function-claim-assessment","name":"Function claim assessment","description":"Attribute explanations to their sources and distinguish observed maternal consequences from inferred reproductive trade-offs.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes the mother's remaining reproductive potential and how tissue consumption affects it?","id":"function-claim-assessment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources propose parental investment, offspring exploitation, or opportunistic feeding, and what evidence discriminates among these explanations?","id":"function-claim-assessment-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What further observation or ethically reviewed study would most directly test the proposed explanation?","id":"function-claim-assessment-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of matrophagy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of matrophagy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of matrophagy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of matrophagy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe matrophagy in the species where it is documented and its evolutionary explanations.","Note where evidence for a species is limited."],"mustNot":["Present matrophagy in invertebrates as a model or justification for human behaviour.","Disturb or collect protected species to observe the behaviour without permission.","Sensationalize the behaviour in ways that misstate the science."],"requiresHuman":["Field or laboratory studies that kill or stress animals."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Animal behaviour should be reported accurately, not as a moral tale about people.","Field research should not damage the populations it studies."],"affectedParties":["Studied species","Readers and students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the behaviour; wildlife law protects some of the species.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q908508","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.matrophagy","Wikidata: Q16069883 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16069883)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Maternal relationship: Consumer offspring linked to consumed mother; relationship confirmed, inferred, or unresolved","Consumed material: Maternal tissues identified by anatomical description; secretions or provisioned food distinguished; unknown allowed","Maternal condition at feeding onset: Alive and responsive; alive with reduced responsiveness; dead; unresolved","Offspring developmental stage: Taxon-specific stage, with age in hours or days where known","Brood participation: Number of participating offspring and proportion of the observed brood","Maternal tissue consumed: Mass in mg, estimated proportion of maternal biomass, or explicitly described qualitative extent","Timing relative to maternal death: Feeding-onset time minus death time in minutes or hours, with uncertainty; unknown allowed","Occurrence under observed conditions: Affected broods divided by observed broods, stratified by conditions and sampling method","Evidence basis: Direct observation; recorded sequence; tissue or gut-content evidence; experimental comparison; secondary report"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Offspring are observed ingesting tissue from an individual independently established to be their mother.","Maternal tissue is visibly consumed, distinguishing the event from offspring merely clustering on or being carried by the mother.","Repeated observation distinguishes tissue consumption from feeding on eggs, secretions or separate prey supplied by the mother."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a reported feeding event as supported, excluded, or unresolved matrophagy under an explicit definition.","Reconstruct the sequence of maternal provisioning, tissue consumption, and death.","Compare occurrence across offspring stages and environmental conditions using stated denominators.","Evaluate whether measured offspring outcomes support a proposed nutritional benefit.","Separate observations from claims about maternal facilitation, inevitability, or evolutionary function.","Identify the additional observations needed to resolve a disputed classification."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misclassifying ordinary parental care or unrelated scavenging as matrophagy can corrupt behavioral records and comparative analyses.","Disturbing a brood during observation can disrupt maternal provisioning and reduce offspring survival."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Matrophagy is encountered in studies of parental investment, offspring development and reproductive behavior in certain invertebrates.","Researchers use the concept to classify observations in which offspring consume their own mother and to compare the consequences for maternal and offspring survival."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q16069883: matrophagy","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16069883","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Matriphagy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriphagy","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which sources define the registry term 'matrophagy', how does their usage relate to 'matriphagy', and do they consistently include postmortem consumption?","Should limited maternal tissue feeding count as matrophagy in this registry, or do relevant sources reserve the term for a more extensive or terminal process?","Which reported occurrences establish both maternity and tissue ingestion through direct evidence rather than inference?","For which populations and conditions is there adequate evidence to distinguish obligatory occurrence from facultative or exceptional occurrence?","Where do controlled comparisons support offspring benefits and maternal reproductive trade-offs, and where do explanations remain untested?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q16069883/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q16069883/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:11:41Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No standard, law or official classification specifically governs matrophagy as a biological behavior."},"score":1.0}}