{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.judge","code":"thing-q16533","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q16533/","name":"judge","alternateNames":["LGBTQ+ judge","court president","President of the High Court of Cassation and Justice","ouvidor-mor","patenträttsråd","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Utah","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts","Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A public official who presides over court proceedings and decides cases according to law, alone or as part of a panel, with judicial independence.","purpose":"Let an agent handle judges as holders of judicial office with court, jurisdiction, appointment and independence, and avoid misrepresenting their decisions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Holds judicial office with independence","Belongs to a court and jurisdiction","Appointed or elected by system-specific rules","Bound by rules on impartiality and recusal"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"office","name":"Office","description":"Court and role.","layers":[{"id":"court","name":"Court","description":"Which court.","findings":[{"id":"court-finding","name":"Court","description":"Court and jurisdiction.","questions":[{"text":"In which court and jurisdiction does this judge sit?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"In what role?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"appointment","name":"Appointment","description":"How appointed.","findings":[{"id":"appointment-finding","name":"Appointment","description":"Appointment details.","questions":[{"text":"How and when was the judge appointed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What is their term?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"decisions","name":"Decisions","description":"Judgments.","layers":[{"id":"judgments","name":"Judgments","description":"Published decisions.","findings":[{"id":"judgments-finding","name":"Judgments","description":"Decisions authored.","questions":[{"text":"Which judgments did this judge author?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Were they appealed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"summary","name":"Summary","description":"Accurate reporting.","findings":[{"id":"summary-finding","name":"Summary","description":"How to summarise.","questions":[{"text":"Does the summary reflect the judgment accurately?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Is the decision final?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"independence","name":"Independence","description":"Impartiality.","layers":[{"id":"conduct","name":"Conduct","description":"Ethics.","findings":[{"id":"conduct-finding","name":"Conduct","description":"Conduct rules.","questions":[{"text":"Which conduct rules apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Has the judge recused in conflicts?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Security.","findings":[{"id":"protection-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Protection of judges.","questions":[{"text":"What information should not be shared to protect the judge?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How are threats handled?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"accountability","name":"Accountability","description":"Discipline and appeal.","layers":[{"id":"appeal","name":"Appeal","description":"Review of decisions.","findings":[{"id":"appeal-finding","name":"Appeal","description":"Appeal routes.","questions":[{"text":"How can a decision be appealed?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Within what time?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"discipline","name":"Discipline","description":"Complaints.","findings":[{"id":"discipline-finding","name":"Discipline","description":"Complaint routes.","questions":[{"text":"How are complaints about judicial conduct made?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which body handles them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report public information about judges and judgments from official court sources.","Explain court procedure in general terms."],"mustNot":["Try to influence a judge outside proper proceedings.","Publish judges' private addresses or family details.","Misquote or misattribute judgments.","Impersonate a judge or court."],"requiresHuman":["Filing anything to a court."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Judicial independence protects everyone's rights.","Threats and harassment against judges undermine justice."],"affectedParties":["Judges","Parties to cases","The public"]},"owners":{"steward":"The judiciary and its appointing authority.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Court records","Official judicial directories"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q185351","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q6302990","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"jurist","type":"related","note":"legal professional"},{"target":"court","type":"related","note":"institution"},{"target":"law and statute","type":"related","note":"rules"},{"target":"magistrate or bailiff","type":"related","note":"different roles in some systems"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.judge","Wikidata: Q16533 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16533)","judicial directory entry: jurisdiction-specific official lists"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Name on published judgments","Court and title such as President of the court","Judicial directories","Robes and courtroom settings in many systems; the office is defined by law, not dress."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["hear and decide cases","be appointed, disciplined or removed, under strict rules","be cited, through published judgments","be recused, when conflicted"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misreporting judgments","Attacks on judicial independence","Harassment of judges"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Constitutional guarantees of judicial independence","Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct","Rules on recusal"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deciding disputes and cases impartially under law.","trial and appellate judges","constitutional and supreme court judges","specialised judges such as patent judges","lay and part-time judges","court presidents"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q16533: judge","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16533","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Judge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should judges be linked to courts and judgments?","How should agents summarise judgments accurately?","What personal data about judges should not be shared?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q16533/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q16533/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T05:35:33Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}