{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.interest","code":"thing-q170924","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q170924/","name":"interest","alternateNames":["usury","accrued interest","reference rate","swap rate","Zwischenzins","penal interest","discount window","simple interest","compound interest","negative interest rate","riba","Loans and interest in Judaism"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The payment made or amount owed by a borrower to a lender for the use of money over time, including accrued interest that builds up between payments and penal interest for late payment; an interest rate expresses the charge relative to the principal per period, while reference and swap rates are rates used to price loans and derivatives rather than interest payments themselves. Interest is associated with historical and religious concepts such as usury, is central to finance, banking and monetary policy, is regulated by law including caps and disclosure rules, and is treated differently across legal and religious traditions.","purpose":"Let an agent explain interest and its forms and calculation, describe rates, regulation and religious perspectives with attribution, support general financial literacy, and avoid personalised financial advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Time value of money","Simple and compound forms","Reference rates","Regulated"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What interest is.","layers":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"Concept and forms.","findings":[{"id":"concept-finding","name":"Concept","description":"Concept.","questions":[{"text":"What is interest, and how do simple, compound, accrued and penal interest differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is personalised financial advice being sought, which is out of scope?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"rates","name":"Rates","description":"Rates and benchmarks.","findings":[{"id":"rates-finding","name":"Rates","description":"Rates.","questions":[{"text":"How are interest rates set, and what are reference rates, swap rates and policy rates?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits monetary policy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"compute","name":"Compute","description":"Calculations.","layers":[{"id":"calculate","name":"Calculate","description":"Calculating interest.","findings":[{"id":"calculate-finding","name":"Calculate","description":"Calculation.","questions":[{"text":"How is interest calculated for this loan or deposit, including compounding periods and annual equivalents?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits time value of money?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"literacy","name":"Literacy","description":"Financial literacy.","findings":[{"id":"literacy-finding","name":"Literacy","description":"Literacy.","questions":[{"text":"What do consumer bodies advise about understanding interest on credit and savings?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits consumer credit?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"regulate","name":"Regulate","description":"Regulation and traditions.","layers":[{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Regulation.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"How do usury laws, rate caps and disclosure rules regulate interest?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is legal advice needed from a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"religion","name":"Religion","description":"Religious perspectives.","findings":[{"id":"religion-finding","name":"Religion","description":"Religion.","questions":[{"text":"How do Islamic, Jewish, Christian and other traditions treat interest and usury, in their own terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation attributed and neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How has interest been understood and regulated from antiquity to modern banking?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can interest and compounding be taught in financial education?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how interest is calculated, including compounding.","Show the cost of a loan using the published rate and terms."],"mustNot":["Give personal financial advice on borrowing or saving.","Present rates without stating whether they are nominal or effective.","Help hide interest costs from borrowers.","Promote lending that breaks usury or consumer credit rules."],"requiresHuman":["Financial decisions on loans or investments."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Interest can trap vulnerable borrowers in debt.","Some religious traditions prohibit interest; respect matters."],"affectedParties":["Borrowers","Savers","Vulnerable consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The lender and borrower under the credit agreement; financial regulators oversee lending.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q30242023","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"money amount","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"rate","type":"related","note":"interest as a rate"},{"target":"budget","type":"related","note":"interest in financial plans"},{"target":"accountant","type":"related","note":"professionals handling interest calculations"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.interest","Wikidata: Q170924 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170924)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Interest is a payment made or amount owed for borrowed money.","An interest rate expresses the charge relative to the principal per period rather than the amount of interest itself.","Dividends are returns on equity; rent is payment for property use.","Not physical; a money amount or rate."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms and calculation","describe rates and regulation","present religious perspectives","avoid personalised advice"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal financial advice","Misunderstanding compounding","Predatory lending"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Consumer credit and usury laws","Interest disclosure rules","Central bank policy rates"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Payment for the use of money over time.","simple and compound interest","accrued interest","reference and swap rates","penal and default interest","usury and religious treatment of interest"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q170924: interest","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170924","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Interest (economics)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_%28economics%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should compound interest be a separate entry?","How should regulators be linked?","How should religious finance be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q170924/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q170924/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T03:49:29Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}