{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.kinship","code":"thing-q171318","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171318/","name":"kinship","alternateNames":["cognate","third-degree relative","may be related","half-aunt","double half-aunt","biaojie","biaomei","half-uncle","double half-uncle","child of a sibling, aunt or uncle","half-nephew","half-niece"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The web of social relationships between people based on descent, marriage, adoption and other culturally recognised ties, and the terms and rules that organise them.","purpose":"Let an agent handle kinship as culturally defined relations with legal effects, and avoid assuming one culture terminology or family structure.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Social and legal as well as biological","Terminology systems differ across cultures (for example Eskimo, Hawaiian, Sudanese types)","Includes affinal ties by marriage and ties by adoption","Degree of relationship is computed differently in different legal systems"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"relations","name":"Relations","description":"Who is related to whom and how.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type of tie","description":"Descent, marriage, adoption.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Tie type","description":"The kind of relation.","questions":[{"text":"What kind of tie links these people?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it recognised socially, legally or both?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"degree","name":"Degree","description":"Closeness of relation.","findings":[{"id":"degree-finding","name":"Degree computation","description":"The degree and how it is counted.","questions":[{"text":"What degree of relationship is this, by which counting system?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the system matter for the purpose at hand?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"terminology","name":"Terminology","description":"Words for relatives.","layers":[{"id":"terms","name":"Terms","description":"The kinship term used.","findings":[{"id":"terms-finding","name":"Term meaning","description":"What the term covers.","questions":[{"text":"Which relatives does this term cover?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which distinctions does it make that English does not?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"translation","name":"Translation","description":"Mapping between languages.","findings":[{"id":"translation-finding","name":"Translation choice","description":"How it is translated.","questions":[{"text":"How should this term be translated without losing meaning?","kind":"action"},{"text":"When should the original term be kept?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Legal consequences.","layers":[{"id":"rights","name":"Rights and duties","description":"Inheritance, care, support.","findings":[{"id":"rights-finding","name":"Legal effects","description":"Rights and duties arising.","questions":[{"text":"Which rights and duties follow from this relationship here?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which law governs it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"proof","name":"Proof","description":"Records and evidence.","findings":[{"id":"proof-finding","name":"Evidence of kinship","description":"Documents that establish it.","questions":[{"text":"What documents establish this relationship?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"When is genetic testing used, and with what consent?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"privacy","name":"Privacy","description":"Family data.","layers":[{"id":"data","name":"Data handling","description":"Family trees and genetic data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data rules","description":"Rules on handling family data.","questions":[{"text":"What rules apply to storing family and genetic data?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who else is affected by sharing it?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"inference","name":"Inference","description":"Deducing relations.","findings":[{"id":"inference-finding","name":"Inference limits","description":"Limits on inferring kinship.","questions":[{"text":"Should an agent infer a family relationship here?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should such an inference be marked?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain kinship terms and systems of a stated culture, citing ethnographic or legal sources.","Record family relationships that people have chosen to declare, such as in a family tree they maintain."],"mustNot":["Infer a person's parentage or relatives from genetic or other data without their consent.","Translate a kinship term with a false equivalent that changes who counts as family.","Treat one culture's family model, such as the nuclear family, as the norm for everyone.","Disclose adoption, paternity or other sensitive family ties of identifiable people."],"requiresHuman":["Telling a person about a previously unknown relative or parentage.","Using kinship records in decisions on inheritance, custody or immigration."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Kinship decides belonging, inheritance and care; misstating it can exclude people from their family.","Revealing hidden family ties can break families apart and expose people to harm."],"affectedParties":["Family members, including adopted and donor-conceived people","Communities whose kinship systems are described"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns kinship; each family holds its own relationships and civil registries record legal ties.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Civil registers of births, marriages and adoptions"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q223642","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"anthropology","type":"related","note":"kinship is a core anthropological topic"},{"target":"inheritance and family law","type":"related","note":"kinship decides rights"},{"target":"genetic relatedness","type":"related","note":"biology and social kinship can diverge"},{"target":"language","type":"related","note":"kinship terms vary by language"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.kinship","Wikidata: Q171318 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Kinship diagrams and family trees","Terms such as aunt, cousin, biaomei, half-aunt","Civil records of birth, marriage and adoption","Not visible; represented in family trees, kinship diagrams, civil records and the terms people use for relatives."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe it, with kinship terms and diagrams","establish it legally, for inheritance, custody and immigration","test biological relatedness, which is not the same as kinship","translate kinship terms, which often have no exact equivalents"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Translating kinship terms with false equivalents","Inferring kinship from genetic data without consent","Assuming a nuclear family structure"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Civil codes on degrees of kinship and inheritance","Family law on adoption and parentage","Data protection rules on genetic and family data"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Organising family, inheritance, care, marriage rules and belonging.","consanguineal: by descent","affinal: by marriage","adoptive and fictive kinship","by degree: first-, second-, third-degree relatives"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q171318: kinship","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Kinship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinship","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should kinship terms be registered per language?","How should legal and social kinship be distinguished in records?","What limits apply to agents inferring family relationships?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q171318/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q171318/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T04:35:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}