{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.stone-cross","code":"thing-q17156398","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q17156398/","name":"stone cross","alternateNames":["Steinkreuznest"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A cross carved from stone and set up as a monument, found widely in Europe and the Caucasus, including medieval conciliation crosses in Central Europe, erected as atonement after a killing under customary law, wayside and boundary crosses, Celtic high crosses of Ireland and Britain decorated with interlace and biblical scenes, and Armenian khachkars, whose craftsmanship UNESCO inscribed as intangible heritage in 2010; clusters of stone crosses are called Steinkreuznester in German. Stone crosses are often protected monuments.","purpose":"Let an agent explain stone crosses, relay types, history, meanings and conservation from archaeology, art history and heritage sources, describe the named forms including clusters, and distinguish stone crosses from gravestones, wooden wayside crosses, menhirs and market crosses as a specific form.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Carved stone","Cross form","Various functions","Often protected"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a stone cross is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a stone cross, and how does it differ from gravestones, wooden wayside crosses, menhirs and market crosses?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a specific cross, history, religion or conservation?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Named forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"What are conciliation crosses, high crosses, khachkars and Steinkreuznester?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific form?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and meaning.","layers":[{"id":"atonement","name":"Atonement","description":"Conciliation crosses.","findings":[{"id":"atonement-finding","name":"Atonement","description":"Atonement.","questions":[{"text":"How did medieval atonement agreements lead to conciliation crosses, as historians describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"insular","name":"Insular","description":"High crosses.","findings":[{"id":"insular-finding","name":"Insular","description":"Insular.","questions":[{"text":"What do the carvings on Irish and British high crosses depict?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"heritage","name":"Heritage","description":"Heritage.","layers":[{"id":"khachkar","name":"Khachkars","description":"Khachkars.","findings":[{"id":"khachkar-finding","name":"Khachkars","description":"Khachkars.","questions":[{"text":"What is khachkar art and why was it inscribed by UNESCO?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits khachkar?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Protection.","findings":[{"id":"protection-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Protection.","questions":[{"text":"How are stone crosses recorded and protected?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits scheduled monument?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Landscape.","layers":[{"id":"wayside","name":"Wayside","description":"Wayside crosses.","findings":[{"id":"wayside-finding","name":"Wayside","description":"Wayside.","questions":[{"text":"Why were crosses set at roadsides and boundaries?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits wayside cross?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"folklore","name":"Folklore","description":"Folklore.","findings":[{"id":"folklore-finding","name":"Folklore","description":"Folklore.","questions":[{"text":"What legends surround stone crosses, distinguished from documented history?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits folklore?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe a stone cross, its carving, inscription and location from survey and heritage records.","Report damage, leaning or vandalism to the heritage authority or landowner."],"mustNot":["Move, clean, re-cut or take rubbings from a stone cross without the custodian's permission.","Remove a conciliation or boundary cross from the spot that gives it its meaning.","Treat a cross still used in devotion as a mere historical object.","Invent a date, maker or legend for a cross from local hearsay."],"requiresHuman":["Any conservation work, relocation or excavation around a cross."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Many crosses mark deaths or atonement and remain places of mourning and prayer.","Well-meant cleaning destroys surfaces and inscriptions that cannot be recovered."],"affectedParties":["Local religious communities","Descendants of those commemorated","Heritage bodies"]},"owners":{"steward":"The landowner or parish that keeps it, under the heritage authority where it is protected.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National monument and heritage registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q17172602","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"monumental cross","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"khachkar","type":"related"},{"target":"high cross","type":"related"},{"target":"gravestone","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.stone-cross","Wikidata: Q17156398 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156398)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["khachkar craftsmanship UNESCO: 2010 year - intangible heritage","Central European conciliation crosses: mainly 13th-16th century note","Muiredach s High Cross: 10th century note - Monasterboice, Ireland"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Monumental cross of carved stone","Steinkreuznest, conciliation cross, Celtic high cross, khachkar","Gravestones mark burials; wooden wayside crosses are not stone; menhirs are prehistoric standing stones; market crosses mark market places","Crosses of carved stone, from plain weathered blocks to richly decorated high crosses and khachkars."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain types and meanings","relay history","describe named forms","relay conservation"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Theft and vandalism","Weathering and road construction damage","Romanticised folklore about conciliation crosses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Monument protection laws","UNESCO intangible heritage safeguarding for khachkar art"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Commemoration, devotion, atonement and boundary marking.","conciliation crosses","wayside and boundary crosses","Celtic high crosses","khachkars","clusters of stone crosses"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q17156398: stone cross","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156398","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Stone cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_cross","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should conciliation crosses be a separate entry?","How should heritage registers be linked?","Should Steinkreuznest be recorded as a cluster concept?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q17156398/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q17156398/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T21:02:59Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}