{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.pupil","code":"thing-q173318","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q173318/","name":"pupil","alternateNames":["vertical pupil","horizontal pupil","right pupil","left pupil"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The pupil is the central aperture of the iris that admits light to the retina, its diameter being set by the opposing action of the sphincter and dilator pupillae under autonomic and light-reflex control.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise an anatomical pupil, record its appearance and response under known conditions, and judge whether comparison, further observation or authorised assessment is warranted.","scope":{"in":["Identification of the pupil and its association with a particular eye","Pupillary boundary, size, shape and position within the iris","Changes in aperture under recorded illumination and viewing conditions","Comparison with the fellow pupil and previous observations","Observation quality and constraints on pupil measurement or testing"],"out":["A pupil meaning a learner or student","The iris as tissue, including its pigmentation and structural condition","Whole-eye anatomy, visual acuity and refractive performance","Retinal, optic nerve and neurological conditions as independently modelled entities","Medication administration, diagnosis and treatment planning","Entrance and exit pupils of optical instruments"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Identify an aperture bounded by the iris rather than labelling the entire coloured iris as the pupil.","Distinguish the aperture boundary from reflections, shadows or dark regions elsewhere in an eye image.","Distinguish the physical aperture from its apparent image through the eye's optics; record which representation was measured.","Associate the structure with an anatomical eye; references to educational roles or instrument apertures require a different interpretation."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"pupil-identity-and-boundary","name":"Pupil identity and boundary","description":"Establishes which anatomical aperture is represented and where its boundary lies.","layers":[{"id":"anatomical-referent","name":"Anatomical referent","description":"Connects the pupil to its containing eye and the organism context.","findings":[{"id":"eye-linked-aperture","name":"Eye-linked aperture","description":"Record evidence that the target is an iris-bounded aperture, together with eye identity and unresolved classification.","questions":[{"text":"What observation establishes that this target is the pupil of an anatomical eye?","id":"eye-linked-aperture-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which subject, species and subject-relative eye does the observation concern?","id":"eye-linked-aperture-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"aperture-delimitation","name":"Aperture delimitation","description":"Separates the pupil opening from iris tissue and the optical appearance used to observe it.","findings":[{"id":"supported-pupil-boundary","name":"Supported pupil boundary","description":"Record the visible iris edge, uncertain segments and whether the boundary is an image observation or a reconstructed physical estimate.","questions":[{"text":"Which portions of the proposed boundary are supported by a visible iris edge rather than shadow, reflection or occlusion?","id":"supported-pupil-boundary-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does this outline describe the apparent pupil in an image or an estimate of the physical aperture?","id":"supported-pupil-boundary-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"aperture-geometry","name":"Aperture geometry","description":"Records pupil size, shape and position using methods appropriate to the observed aperture.","layers":[{"id":"size-and-contour","name":"Size and contour","description":"Describes the opening without presuming circular geometry.","findings":[{"id":"calibrated-aperture-description","name":"Calibrated aperture description","description":"Record diameter, axes, area or contour as appropriate, preserving calibration and estimation uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"Which dimensions or contour representation adequately describe this pupil's observed shape?","id":"calibrated-aperture-description-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What scale calibration and uncertainty support the reported dimensions?","id":"calibrated-aperture-description-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"position-and-viewpoint","name":"Position and viewpoint","description":"Locates the aperture relative to the iris while accounting for observation angle.","findings":[{"id":"referenced-aperture-position","name":"Referenced aperture position","description":"Record pupil position against a named anatomical reference and retain gaze or camera-angle limitations.","questions":[{"text":"Relative to which iris landmark or coordinate system is the pupil centre located?","id":"referenced-aperture-position-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Could gaze direction or camera angle explain the apparent offset or elongation?","id":"referenced-aperture-position-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"pupillary-response","name":"Pupillary response","description":"Records aperture changes in relation to documented illumination or viewing events.","layers":[{"id":"stimulus-and-baseline","name":"Stimulus and baseline","description":"Establishes the conditions before and during a response observation.","findings":[{"id":"documented-response-conditions","name":"Documented response conditions","description":"Record baseline lighting, adaptation interval, viewing target and the event against which change is assessed.","questions":[{"text":"What lighting, adaptation interval and viewing distance preceded the observation?","id":"documented-response-conditions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What stimulus or viewing change occurred, when did it occur and which eye received it?","id":"documented-response-conditions-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"response-course","name":"Response course","description":"Captures the direction, extent and timing of observed aperture change.","findings":[{"id":"observed-change-sequence","name":"Observed change sequence","description":"Record the measured response of the observed eye, distinguishing an undetected change from an inadequately observed response.","questions":[{"text":"How did pupil size change over the recorded interval, and what latency or amplitude can the measurement resolve?","id":"observed-change-sequence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Was the observed pupil in the stimulated eye or the fellow eye, and were both eyes recorded?","id":"observed-change-sequence-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"If no change was detected, were visibility, stimulus documentation and sampling sufficient to support that statement?","id":"observed-change-sequence-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"comparison-and-observation-decisions","name":"Comparison and observation decisions","description":"Supports defensible comparisons and determines what further pupil observation is justified.","layers":[{"id":"paired-and-longitudinal-comparison","name":"Paired and longitudinal comparison","description":"Compares pupils across eyes or time with explicit limits on comparability.","findings":[{"id":"condition-matched-difference","name":"Condition-matched difference","description":"Record the direction and magnitude of differences alongside timing, lighting and method compatibility.","questions":[{"text":"What size, shape or response difference is observed between the two eyes or against a previous observation?","id":"condition-matched-difference-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Were lighting, viewing target, measurement method and observation timing sufficiently matched for this comparison?","id":"condition-matched-difference-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"observation-limits-and-next-actions","name":"Observation limits and next actions","description":"Links evidence quality and pupil-specific context to permitted follow-up.","findings":[{"id":"qualified-pupil-assessment","name":"Qualified pupil assessment","description":"Record visibility limits, relevant reported exposures or eye procedures, and the authority governing repeat observation or referral.","questions":[{"text":"Which occlusions, reflections, reported eye drops or prior eye procedures could limit interpretation of this observation?","id":"qualified-pupil-assessment-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence support comparison, require a repeat measurement or meet an applicable criterion for qualified assessment?","id":"qualified-pupil-assessment-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"What authorisation and protocol govern any further light-response testing or other intervention involving this eye?","id":"qualified-pupil-assessment-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain pupil anatomy and the light reflex.","Share official guidance on when unequal or unresponsive pupils need emergency care."],"mustNot":["Diagnose a person from pupil size or reaction.","Infer a person's emotions, interest or drug use from their pupils without consent.","Recommend eye drops that change pupil size without a prescription.","Shine strong lights into eyes."],"requiresHuman":["Any clinical decision based on pupil findings."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Pupil tracking can expose people's private reactions.","Pupil changes can signal emergencies like head injury."],"affectedParties":["Patients","People subject to monitoring"]},"owners":{"steward":"Each person for their own body; clinicians hold records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q28654074","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.pupil","Wikidata: Q173318 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eye association: Containing eye reference; subject-relative left, right or unresolved","Observed aperture size: Diameter or specified axis lengths in mm; pixels only when uncalibrated","Boundary shape: Round, oval, slit-like, irregular, other described or indeterminate","Aperture position: Centre offset in mm or normalised coordinates relative to a named iris landmark","Illumination context: Illuminance in lux where available, with measurement location; otherwise described lighting","Observed response: Constriction observed, dilation observed, no change detected, indeterminate or not tested; stimulus and interval required","Response timing: Latency and observation duration in ms or s, with temporal resolution","Inter-eye size difference: Signed difference in mm using a declared eye order and matched conditions","Boundary visibility: Fully visible, partly obscured, not visible or uncertain; obstruction described"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["The black circular opening in the centre of the coloured iris.","Constricts in bright light and widens in dim light."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Locate and label the pupil in an eye observation while retaining uncertain boundaries.","Measure aperture geometry using a stated calibration and method.","Compare pupil observations across time or between eyes under matched conditions.","Record responses during an authorised observation protocol, including which eye received the stimulus.","Request a clearer or better controlled observation when visibility or context is inadequate.","Flag a documented change for qualified assessment under an applicable protocol without inferring its cause."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Unequal pupils can indicate a brain emergency.","Eye-tracking technology can be misused to infer private states."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica, issued by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology under the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, standardizes the anatomical name pupilla for the pupil."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The pupil is encountered in eye anatomy and in observations of how the eye admits light.","Its size, symmetry and response are recorded during eye examinations and neurological assessments under known lighting conditions."]}},"sources":[{"title":"The Pupil: Anatomy, Physiology, Abnormalities, and Clinical Testing","url":"https://www.aao.org/education/image/pupil-anatomy-physiology-abnormalities-clinical-te","note":"Clinical anatomy, light-reflex testing, and named pathologic pupil types used in practice"},{"title":"Anatomy, Head and Neck: Eye Pupil","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551639/","note":"Anatomical definition, sphincter/dilator innervation, and typical adult diameter range"},{"title":"pupil (Q10768)","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10768","note":"Canonical identifier and distinction from the educational-enrolment sense of 'pupil'"},{"title":"Wikidata item Q173318: pupil","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Pupil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.pupil denote the anatomical pupil, and is its intended coverage human-only or inclusive of other species?","Does an existing Vercy eye or anatomical-aperture model already own this concept, requiring a link instead of a separate publication?","Which measurement conventions should distinguish the physical aperture from its apparent optical image across supported devices?","Which species-, age- and context-specific evidence should govern interpretation of pupil geometry, inter-eye differences and response measurements?","Which sourced protocols define permitted observation methods and thresholds for repeat measurement or qualified assessment?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q173318/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q173318/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T14:23:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 5 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}