{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.innovation","code":"thing-q174165","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q174165/","name":"innovation","alternateNames":["technology incubators and accelerators","Māori innovation","digital innovation","teaching method innovation","technological innovation","communal innovation","data-driven innovation","educational innovation","incremental innovation","citizen innovation","disruptive innovation","innovativeness"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The creation and successful introduction of something new or significantly improved, whether a product, service, process, method or organisational form, arising from invention, research, design and diffusion, in forms such as technological and digital innovation, teaching method innovation, communal and Indigenous innovation such as Maori innovation, and supported by institutions such as technology incubators and accelerators; innovation is studied in economics and management, measured by indicators, and promoted by policy.","purpose":"Let an agent explain innovation and its kinds, relay theories, measurement and policy from economics and management sources with attribution, describe support institutions such as incubators, and distinguish innovation from invention and creativity.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Novelty plus adoption","Product to organisational forms","Measured by indicators","Policy target"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What innovation is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is innovation, and how does it differ from invention, creativity and diffusion?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about innovation in general, a kind of innovation or a support institution?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What are product, process, digital, organisational, social, communal and Maori innovation, and teaching method innovation?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Theory and measurement.","layers":[{"id":"theories","name":"Theories","description":"Theories.","findings":[{"id":"theories-finding","name":"Theories","description":"Theories.","questions":[{"text":"What do Schumpeter, diffusion theory, open and disruptive innovation say, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"Measurement.","findings":[{"id":"measurement-finding","name":"Measurement","description":"Measurement.","questions":[{"text":"How is innovation measured by the Oslo Manual, patents, R&D and indices?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits innovation indicator?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"support","name":"Support","description":"Support and policy.","layers":[{"id":"institutions","name":"Institutions","description":"Incubators and accelerators.","findings":[{"id":"institutions-finding","name":"Institutions","description":"Institutions.","questions":[{"text":"How do incubators, accelerators and innovation hubs support new ventures?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Innovation policy.","findings":[{"id":"policy-finding","name":"Policy","description":"Policy.","questions":[{"text":"How do governments promote innovation, and what debates exist, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Practice and history.","layers":[{"id":"management","name":"Management","description":"Innovation management.","findings":[{"id":"management-finding","name":"Management","description":"Management.","questions":[{"text":"How do organisations manage innovation under ISO 56000 and practice frameworks?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits innovation management?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How has the concept of innovation changed from suspicion to celebration?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of innovation?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain kinds of innovation and theories of diffusion, attributing contested theories.","Help a team document and assess new ideas they own."],"mustNot":["Use innovation as a buzzword to dress up unchanged products.","Present one theory of innovation as settled.","Pass off someone else's invention or idea as another's innovation.","Ignore social and Indigenous innovation when describing who innovates."],"requiresHuman":["Filing patents or publishing ideas on someone's behalf."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Credit for innovation is often taken from those who did the work.","New products can carry risks that innovation rhetoric hides."],"affectedParties":["Inventors and workers","Users of new products","Communities whose knowledge is used"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a concept is held in common; innovators answer for their own work.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q104637332","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q105606485","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3249551","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q8187769","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"planned process","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"intellectual activity","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"process","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"invention","type":"related","note":"and precedes diffusion"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.innovation","Wikidata: Q174165 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174165)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Oslo Manual editions: 4 count - latest 2018","global R&D spending: about 2.5 trillion USD - per year"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Successful introduction of the new","Technological, digital, teaching method, communal and Maori innovation; incubators and accelerators","Invention is the new idea; creativity is the capacity; diffusion is the spread","Not a visible object; new products, processes and practices."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the concept and kinds","relay theories and measurement","describe support institutions","distinguish from invention"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Innovation hype and buzzword use","Presenting contested theories as settled","Ignoring social and Indigenous innovation"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["OECD Oslo Manual for measuring innovation","ISO 56000 series on innovation management","Intellectual property law","Innovation policy and funding programmes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Creating and adopting new value.","product and service innovation","process and technological innovation","digital innovation","organisational and business model innovation","social and communal innovation including Indigenous and Maori innovation","educational innovation such as teaching method innovation","innovation support: incubators, accelerators and innovation policy"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q174165: innovation","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174165","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Innovation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should technological innovation and business incubator be separate primary entries?","How should OECD and management sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming kinds and institutions; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q174165/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q174165/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T04:27:06Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}