{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.gyrus","code":"thing-q1758383","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1758383/","name":"gyrus","alternateNames":["angular gyrus","long gyrus of insula","fusiform gyrus","supramarginal gyrus","parahippocampal gyrus","inferior frontal gyrus","precuneus","orbitofrontal cortex","cornu ammonis","middle frontal gyrus","inferior temporal gyrus","superior frontal gyrus"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebral cortex, separated from neighbouring gyri by grooves called sulci, that increases cortical surface area, with named gyri such as the precentral and postcentral gyri, the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri, the angular and supramarginal gyri, the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri and the gyri of the insula, each associated with functions from movement and sensation to language, memory and face recognition; gyri are landmarks in neuroanatomy and neuroimaging.","purpose":"Let an agent explain gyri and their anatomy and functions, identify named gyri and their locations, describe their use as landmarks in imaging and surgery, and support learning in neuroanatomy.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Cortical folding","Named landmarks","Functional associations","Individual variation"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What gyri are.","layers":[{"id":"anatomy","name":"Anatomy","description":"Anatomy.","findings":[{"id":"anatomy-finding","name":"Anatomy","description":"Anatomy.","questions":[{"text":"What are gyri and sulci, why is the cortex folded, and how are gyri named?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which gyrus is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"named","name":"Named","description":"Named gyri.","findings":[{"id":"named-finding","name":"Named","description":"Named.","questions":[{"text":"Where are the major named gyri located, and what functions are associated with each?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific gyrus?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"function","name":"Function","description":"Function and variation.","layers":[{"id":"functions","name":"Functions","description":"Functional associations.","findings":[{"id":"functions-finding","name":"Functions","description":"Functions.","questions":[{"text":"How are movement, sensation, language, memory and face recognition associated with particular gyri, and what are the limits of localisation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"variation","name":"Variation","description":"Variation and development.","findings":[{"id":"variation-finding","name":"Variation","description":"Variation.","questions":[{"text":"How do gyri develop and vary between individuals?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits brain development?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Imaging and surgery.","layers":[{"id":"imaging","name":"Imaging","description":"Landmarks in imaging.","findings":[{"id":"imaging-finding","name":"Imaging","description":"Imaging.","questions":[{"text":"How are gyri used as landmarks in neuroimaging and neurosurgery?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own scan, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"disorders","name":"Disorders","description":"Disorders.","findings":[{"id":"disorders-finding","name":"Disorders","description":"Disorders.","questions":[{"text":"What disorders involve abnormal gyral development or damage, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific condition?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were gyri mapped and their functions discovered, from Broca to modern imaging?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can cortical anatomy be taught with atlases and models?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Name and locate gyri of the cerebral cortex from standard anatomical atlases.","Explain functions associated with gyri with the caution that functions are distributed.","Label brain images it is authorized to analyse for research."],"mustNot":["Interpret a person's brain scan as a diagnosis.","Claim that the shape of a person's gyri reveals intelligence, character or criminality.","Share identifiable brain scans without consent.","Present functional mapping as exact for every individual."],"requiresHuman":["Telling a person what their brain scan shows."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Brain anatomy has been misused to rank people; claims must stay within evidence.","Brain images are sensitive health data."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Research participants","Students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: an anatomical structure; neuroanatomy describes it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1620186","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q66557997","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"brain region","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"segment of cerebral hemisphere","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"neurology","type":"related","note":"clinical relevance of gyri"},{"target":"aphasia","type":"related","note":"language gyri affected in aphasia"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.gyrus","Wikidata: Q1758383 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758383)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cortical ridge between sulci","Named by lobe and position","A sulcus is the groove; a lobe is a larger division","Ridges on the brain surface between grooves."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain anatomy and functions","identify named gyri","describe use as landmarks","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Oversimplifying function localisation","Ignoring individual variation","Agents interpreting personal scans"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Neuroanatomical nomenclature","Neuroimaging atlas standards","No regulation of the structure"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Folds of the cerebral cortex.","frontal gyri","parietal gyri such as angular and supramarginal","temporal gyri such as fusiform and parahippocampal","occipital gyri","insular gyri"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1758383: gyrus","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758383","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Gyrus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrus","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each named gyrus be a separate entry?","How should brain atlases be linked?","How should functional imaging resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1758383/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1758383/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T04:08:37Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{},"score":0.941}}