{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.reason","code":"thing-q178354","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q178354/","name":"reason","alternateNames":["Syy","artificial reason"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The cognitive capacity and process of thinking logically, drawing inferences, forming judgements and justifying beliefs and actions, including deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning, practical reasoning about what to do, and the collective and artificial reasoning of institutions and machines; reason is studied in philosophy, psychology, logic and artificial intelligence, is central to science, law and ethics, and the word also names a cause or justification for something.","purpose":"Let an agent explain reason as a cognitive process and its forms, describe how reasoning is studied and where it fails, support sound reasoning and argument, and separate the sense of a reason as a cause.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Inference","Justification","Norms of validity","Human and artificial"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What reason is.","layers":[{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Forms of reasoning.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"How do deductive, inductive, abductive and practical reasoning differ, and what makes each valid or strong?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is reason as a faculty, or a reason as a cause, meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"philosophy","name":"Philosophy","description":"Reason in philosophy.","findings":[{"id":"philosophy-finding","name":"Philosophy","description":"Philosophy.","questions":[{"text":"How have philosophers from Aristotle to Kant and beyond understood reason and its limits, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific philosopher?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Reasoning well.","layers":[{"id":"argument","name":"Argument","description":"Constructing arguments.","findings":[{"id":"argument-finding","name":"Argument","description":"Argument.","questions":[{"text":"How can this argument be structured, checked for validity and strengthened?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits argumentation?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"failures","name":"Failures","description":"Fallacies and biases.","findings":[{"id":"failures-finding","name":"Failures","description":"Failures.","questions":[{"text":"Which fallacies and cognitive biases undermine reasoning, according to logic and psychology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Research on reasoning.","layers":[{"id":"psychology","name":"Psychology","description":"Psychology of reasoning.","findings":[{"id":"psychology-finding","name":"Psychology","description":"Psychology.","questions":[{"text":"What does research say about how people actually reason, including dual-process accounts?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits cognitive psychology?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"artificial","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial reasoning.","findings":[{"id":"artificial-finding","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial.","questions":[{"text":"How do machines reason, from formal logic systems to statistical and language models, and what are their limits, according to researchers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is overreliance on machine reasoning being encouraged?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and society.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching reasoning.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can reasoning and critical thinking be taught?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Reason in public life.","findings":[{"id":"society-finding","name":"Society","description":"Society.","questions":[{"text":"What role does public reason play in science, law and democracy, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain kinds of reasoning, such as deductive, inductive and abductive.","Point out fallacies and biases in an argument while showing the reasoning.","State its own uncertainty and limits when it reasons."],"mustNot":["Present its own output as reasoned proof when it has not checked it.","Use flawed arguments to persuade people toward a conclusion.","Dismiss people as irrational for holding different values.","Ask to be trusted over human judgment in decisions it cannot verify."],"requiresHuman":["Accepting an automated chain of reasoning as the basis for a decision about a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Overtrusting artificial reasoning can lead people to accept errors.","Calling some groups unreasonable has been used to exclude them."],"affectedParties":["People relying on reasoning","People whose views are judged"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; it is a human capacity.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q781413","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"cognitive process","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"abstraction","type":"related","note":"a related cognitive process"},{"target":"contradictory","type":"related","note":"logical relations used in reasoning"},{"target":"skepticism","type":"related","note":"evidence-based doubt"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.reason","Wikidata: Q178354 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178354)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Inference and judgement","Deductive, inductive, abductive, practical","A reason as a cause or justification is a related sense","Not physical; a mental process."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms of reasoning","describe research and failures","support sound reasoning","separate other senses"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fallacies and cognitive biases","Motivated reasoning","Overtrusting artificial reasoning"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Standards of logic and argumentation","Scientific method norms","No regulation of the faculty"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Logical thinking and inference.","deductive reasoning","inductive and statistical reasoning","abductive reasoning","practical and moral reasoning","artificial reasoning in machines"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q178354: reason","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178354","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Reason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each reasoning form be a separate entry?","How should logic resources be linked?","How should bias research be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q178354/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q178354/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T00:49:35Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}