{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.lineation","code":"thing-q1798991","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1798991/","name":"lineation","alternateNames":["crenulation","stretching lineation","intersection lineation"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"In geology, lineation is a descriptive and nongenetic term for any linear structure within or on a rock; identifying a lineation does not by itself establish how it formed.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise, describe and evaluate geological lineation while separating observed linear fabric from interpretations of its origin.","scope":{"in":["Evidence that a rock contains a reproducible linear feature or preferred linear orientation","The mineral, aggregate, intersection or other markers defining the lineation","Lineation orientation, spatial distribution and variation at a stated observation scale","Relationships to foliation, folds and other associated structures","Competing interpretations of formation and deformation significance"],"out":["Poetic lineation and the division of written language into lines","Regional lineaments identified from landscape or remote sensing alone","Foliation as a planar fabric independently of its relationship to lineation","Complete rock classification and mineral chemistry","Whole deformation histories unsupported by the observed lineation"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A candidate must exhibit a linear feature or preferred direction; a planar fabric alone establishes foliation, not lineation.","The defining markers must be identified: aligned elongate minerals and the intersection of two surfaces provide different evidence for a linear structure.","An apparent line in a photograph or section must be distinguished from a reproducible direction in the rock.","A landscape-scale lineament does not establish a rock-fabric lineation without supporting observations.","A measured lineation direction does not, by itself, establish movement direction or shear sense."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"lineation-identity","name":"Lineation identity","description":"Establish the intended sense and the observable feature being called lineation.","layers":[{"id":"registry-sense","name":"Registry sense","description":"Resolve whether the entry denotes geological lineation.","findings":[{"id":"sense-evidence","name":"Evidence for the geological sense","description":"Record the registry provenance or reference definition supporting this provisional scope.","questions":[{"text":"Which registry source identifies lineation here as a geological concept?","id":"sense-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the intended definition include both penetrative linear fabrics and discrete linear structures?","id":"sense-evidence-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"defining-markers","name":"Defining markers","description":"Identify what physically establishes the linear feature.","findings":[{"id":"marker-based-identification","name":"Marker-based identification","description":"Describe the visible markers before assigning a genetic label.","questions":[{"text":"Which minerals, aggregates, objects or surface intersections define the observed direction?","id":"marker-based-identification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What observation distinguishes this feature from a scratch, fracture trace or sectioning artefact?","id":"marker-based-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"orientation-and-observation","name":"Orientation and observation","description":"Make the lineation's three-dimensional geometry and observational limits explicit.","layers":[{"id":"spatial-orientation","name":"Spatial orientation","description":"Describe the line direction using reproducible conventions.","findings":[{"id":"orientation-record","name":"Orientation record","description":"Capture direct orientation measurements or the information needed to reconstruct them.","questions":[{"text":"What are the trend and plunge, and which north reference and coordinate frame were used?","id":"orientation-record-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"If recorded as rake, what host-plane orientation, reference direction and angular convention were used?","id":"orientation-record-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"observation-reliability","name":"Observation reliability","description":"Assess how exposure, specimen orientation and measurement method affect the result.","findings":[{"id":"three-dimensional-support","name":"Three-dimensional support","description":"Identify whether the observation establishes a spatial line or only its projection.","questions":[{"text":"Was the lineation measured directly in three dimensions or inferred from a section or image?","id":"three-dimensional-support-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What additional view or oriented sample would resolve the largest orientation uncertainty?","id":"three-dimensional-support-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"fabric-populations-and-relations","name":"Fabric populations and relations","description":"Describe variation among lineations and their relationships to neighbouring structures.","layers":[{"id":"lineation-populations","name":"Lineation populations","description":"Establish the scale and coherence of each observed population.","findings":[{"id":"population-separation","name":"Population separation","description":"Group observations using stated evidence rather than assuming every linear feature belongs together.","questions":[{"text":"At what sampling scale and with how many observations is a preferred orientation established?","id":"population-separation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do differences in marker type, orientation or location justify separate lineation populations?","id":"population-separation-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"associated-structures","name":"Associated structures","description":"Relate each population to identifiable planes and folds.","findings":[{"id":"line-plane-and-fold-relations","name":"Line, plane and fold relations","description":"Record measured structural relationships without treating geometric agreement as proof of common origin.","questions":[{"text":"Does the lineation lie within a measured foliation or bedding plane, and within what angular uncertainty?","id":"line-plane-and-fold-relations-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"If interpreted as an intersection or fold-related lineation, which observed surfaces or fold features support that assignment?","id":"line-plane-and-fold-relations-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"origin-and-interpretive-use","name":"Origin and interpretive use","description":"Evaluate formation hypotheses and constrain what an agent may infer from the lineation.","layers":[{"id":"formation-hypotheses","name":"Formation hypotheses","description":"Compare explanations tied to the observed markers and structural setting.","findings":[{"id":"origin-evidence","name":"Origin evidence","description":"Separate descriptive classification from hypotheses involving stretching, mineral growth, surface intersection or other processes.","questions":[{"text":"Which formation hypotheses fit the defining markers, and what evidence favours each?","id":"origin-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which observable feature would distinguish the leading hypothesis from its strongest alternative?","id":"origin-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"deformation-inference","name":"Deformation inference","description":"Determine whether the lineation can support claims about strain, movement or relative timing.","findings":[{"id":"limits-on-kinematic-use","name":"Limits on kinematic use","description":"Require explicit corroboration for interpretations that go beyond the observed linear geometry.","questions":[{"text":"What independent evidence is needed before treating this lineation as a stretching or transport direction?","id":"limits-on-kinematic-use-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which observed overprinting or cross-cutting relationships constrain its timing relative to other fabrics?","id":"limits-on-kinematic-use-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which deformation claims must remain unresolved because the available observations do not distinguish them?","id":"limits-on-kinematic-use-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lineation this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe observed geological lineation and its defining markers with traceable evidence.","Report orientation, observation scale and relationships to associated structures with stated uncertainty.","Compare interpretations of origin while distinguishing them from direct observations."],"mustNot":["Infer movement direction or shear sense from a lineation direction alone.","Present an interpretation of formation as part of the descriptive definition.","Invent observations, measurements or sources.","Treat an apparent line in an image as confirmed rock lineation without supporting evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Safety-critical geological or engineering decisions based on lineation interpretations require qualified human review."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Accurate records and explicit uncertainty are necessary for reproducible geological interpretation.","Unsupported structural interpretations can mislead research and decisions affecting land or infrastructure.","Field observations and sampling must respect access permissions and geological heritage."],"affectedParties":["Geologists and researchers rely on accurate structural observations.","Landowners and local communities may be affected by fieldwork and resulting interpretations.","Engineers and the public may be affected by decisions based on geological assessments."]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the geological concept; observers and custodians are responsible for the quality and provenance of their records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q457931","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.lineation","Wikidata: Q1798991 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798991)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Sense assignment: geological sense confirmed | geological sense provisional | different sense indicated","Defining marker: elongate mineral | mineral aggregate | stretched object | surface intersection | fold-related linear feature | other documented marker | unresolved","Orientation: trend and plunge in degrees, with reference frame and uncertainty","Rake within a host plane: degrees from a specified reference direction within an identified plane; not applicable when no host plane is established","Directional concentration: named orientation-dispersion statistic, value, sample count and sampling scale","Observation scale: thin section | hand specimen | outcrop | mapped population, with physical extent","Associated planar structure: identified foliation, bedding or other surface; relationship measured | inferred | unresolved","Origin interpretation: uninterpreted | one supported hypothesis | competing hypotheses | interpretation contradicted"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Elongated minerals or mineral aggregates can share a preferred direction within the rock.","Repeated parallel ridges or grooves can define a linear fabric on a rock surface.","The intersection of two planar fabrics can produce a visible line distinct from either plane.","Aligned stretched clasts can mark a direction across multiple parts of a specimen."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a candidate lineation from its defining markers while retaining unresolved alternatives.","Record and compare orientations using explicit coordinate and measurement conventions.","Separate multiple lineation populations where markers or orientations differ.","Evaluate whether relationships with planar structures support a proposed origin.","Identify observations needed before using lineation in a deformation interpretation.","Flag apparent lineations that require additional views or measurements."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Apparent lines in photographs or sections can be mistaken for reproducible linear structures in rock.","Orientation errors or missing observation context can distort structural interpretations.","Treating a lineation direction as proof of movement direction, shear sense or formation history can produce unsupported conclusions."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Geological lineation is described in outcrops, hand specimens and thin sections where rocks display a preferred linear structure.","Geologists record its orientation and constituent features during structural mapping and fabric analysis.","Its relationship to folds, planar fabrics and other structures helps constrain deformation interpretations without assuming an origin from appearance alone."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1798991: lineation","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798991","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Lineation (geology)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineation_%28geology%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.lineation denote geological lineation, poetic line division, or another sense in its originating registry?","Which reference definitions should govern the inclusion of discrete linear structures versus penetrative linear fabrics?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or its intended sense?","Which descriptive and genetic classification systems should be represented, and where do their boundaries disagree?","Which measurement and sampling conventions are appropriate for comparing lineations across thin sections, specimens and outcrops?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1798991/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1798991/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:58:13Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No generally applicable technical standard, law or official classification is required to identify geological lineation in this descriptive sense."},"score":1.0}}