{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.samarium","code":"thing-q1819","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1819/","name":"samarium","alternateNames":["samarium-144","samarium-153","samarium-128","samarium-129","samarium-130","samarium-131","samarium-132","samarium-133","samarium-134","samarium-135","samarium-135m","samarium-136"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62, a moderately hard silvery lanthanide that oxidises in air and occurs in monazite and bastnasite; samarium is used in samarium-cobalt permanent magnets that resist high temperatures, in neutron absorbers for reactors, in catalysts and in the medical isotope samarium-153 for bone pain from cancer, and it has seven natural isotopes, several very weakly radioactive, including samarium-147 used in geological dating.","purpose":"Let an agent identify samarium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its medical and dating roles, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Samarium-cobalt magnets","Neutron absorption","Sm-153 in medicine","Sm-Nd dating"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What samarium is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the physical and chemical properties of samarium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about samarium or a neighbouring lanthanide?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"Which isotopes exist, and how are samarium-147 and samarium-153 used?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"source","name":"Source","description":"Occurrence and production.","layers":[{"id":"occurrence","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-finding","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","questions":[{"text":"Where does samarium occur, and how is it separated from other rare earths?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits rare earth mining?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","findings":[{"id":"supply-finding","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","questions":[{"text":"Who produces samarium, and how is it traded, with sources?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"magnets","name":"Magnets","description":"Magnets and reactors.","findings":[{"id":"magnets-finding","name":"Magnets","description":"Magnets.","questions":[{"text":"How is samarium used in high-temperature magnets and reactor control?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits samarium-cobalt magnet?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"medical","name":"Medical","description":"Medical use.","findings":[{"id":"medical-finding","name":"Medical","description":"Medical.","questions":[{"text":"How is samarium-153 used to treat bone pain in cancer, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and dating.","layers":[{"id":"discovery","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","findings":[{"id":"discovery-finding","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","questions":[{"text":"How was samarium discovered in 1879 and named after the mineral samarskite?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"dating","name":"Dating","description":"Samarium-neodymium dating.","findings":[{"id":"dating-finding","name":"Dating","description":"Dating.","questions":[{"text":"How does samarium-neodymium dating work in geology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits radiometric dating?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain samarium's properties and uses in magnets and medicine.","Report on supply with sources and dates."],"mustNot":["Advise handling fine samarium powder without fire precautions.","Advise handling medical radioisotopes outside licensed use.","Present supply figures without sources.","Recommend disposal of samarium magnets or compounds as ordinary waste."],"requiresHuman":["Medical use of radioactive samarium for a patient."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rare earth mining harms workers and environments in producing regions.","Medical isotopes help patients with bone pain but need careful use."],"affectedParties":["Mining communities","Patients","Workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the element; producers and licensed holders answer for their stock.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q19569","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"lanthanide","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"rare earth element","type":"related","note":"in general terms"},{"target":"samarium-cobalt magnet","type":"related","note":"a permanent magnet type"},{"target":"europium","type":"related","note":"element 63"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.samarium","Wikidata: Q1819 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819)","symbol: Sm","CAS: 7440-19-9"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 62 Z","standard atomic weight: 150.36 u","melting point: 1072 degrees C","samarium-147 half-life: about 106 billion years"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 62, symbol Sm","Lanthanide with magnet and isotope uses","Promethium and europium are the neighbouring lanthanides","A silvery metal that tarnishes to a grey oxide in air."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties and isotopes","explain production and uses","explain medical and dating roles","distinguish from other lanthanides"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Flammability of fine metal","Radiation safety for medical isotopes","Supply concentration"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Chemical safety data sheets","Radiopharmaceutical regulation for samarium-153","Rare earth trade and export rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Magnets, reactor control, catalysts and medical isotopes.","samarium metal and alloys","samarium compounds such as the oxide and iodide","isotopes from samarium-128 to samarium-165, with seven natural and Sm-153 medical","samarium in magnets, reactors and catalysts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1819: samarium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Samarium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should samarium-cobalt magnet and Sm-153 be separate entries?","How should reference data be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1819/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1819/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T00:04:25Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}