{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bark","code":"thing-q184453","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184453/","name":"bark","alternateNames":["barberry bark","ash bark","caper bark","Quercus Cortex","birch bark","bark chips","cedar bark","cork","stem bark","quillaja","elder tree bark","alternative wine closure"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The outer layers of woody stems and roots outside the vascular cambium, including inner living bark or phloem that transports sugars and outer dead cork that protects against water loss, fire, pests and pathogens, with forms and uses the registry aliases name including birch bark used for canoes, containers and writing, ash bark, oak bark or Quercus cortex used in tanning and traditional remedies, barberry and caper bark in herbal traditions, and bark chips used as garden mulch; medicinal barks such as cinchona gave quinine and willow bark led to aspirin. Stripping bark around a tree, called girdling, kills it, and some herbal bark products can interact with medicines.","purpose":"Let an agent explain bark, relay anatomy, ecology, human uses and medicinal history from botany, forestry and pharmacognosy sources, describe the named barks, advise caution with herbal products and route poisoning to poison centres, and distinguish bark from wood, cork as a specific tissue, sapwood and the dog bark sense.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Protective layer","Living inner phloem","Species-specific texture","Useful materials and medicines"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What bark is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"Has someone swallowed a bark product or herbal remedy and feels unwell, in which case contact a poison centre or medical services?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What is bark, and how does it differ from wood, cork, sapwood and a dog s bark?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"barks","name":"Barks","description":"Named barks.","findings":[{"id":"barks-finding","name":"Barks","description":"Barks.","questions":[{"text":"What are barberry, ash, caper, oak and birch barks and bark chips used for?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific bark?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"botany","name":"Botany","description":"Anatomy.","layers":[{"id":"layers","name":"Layers","description":"Bark layers.","findings":[{"id":"layers-finding","name":"Layers","description":"Layers.","questions":[{"text":"How do phloem, cork cambium and cork form bark?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"defence","name":"Defence","description":"Protective roles.","findings":[{"id":"defence-finding","name":"Defence","description":"Defence.","questions":[{"text":"How does bark protect trees from fire, insects and pathogens?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Human uses.","layers":[{"id":"medicine","name":"Medicine","description":"Medicinal barks.","findings":[{"id":"medicine-finding","name":"Medicine","description":"Medicine.","questions":[{"text":"How did cinchona and willow bark lead to quinine and aspirin, and what evidence exists for other bark remedies, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits cinchona?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","findings":[{"id":"materials-finding","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","questions":[{"text":"How have birch bark, oak bark and cork been used in crafts and industry?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Conservation.","layers":[{"id":"harvest","name":"Harvest","description":"Sustainable harvest.","findings":[{"id":"harvest-finding","name":"Harvest","description":"Harvest.","questions":[{"text":"Why are some barks such as Prunus africana regulated under CITES?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Prunus africana?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"manuscripts","name":"Manuscripts","description":"Birch bark writing.","findings":[{"id":"manuscripts-finding","name":"Manuscripts","description":"Manuscripts.","questions":[{"text":"What are birch bark manuscripts such as those of Novgorod?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits birch bark manuscript?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe bark structure and uses, such as cork and spices, from botanical sources.","Report bark damage, disease or pests on trees the operator manages."],"mustNot":["Strip bark from a living tree in a way that girdles and kills it without the owner's decision.","Harvest bark from protected species or protected land without a permit.","Recommend bark extracts as medicine for a person.","Move bark or wood across zones closed by plant health rules."],"requiresHuman":["Felling or treating trees with diseased bark.","Commercial harvesting of bark from wild trees."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Bark protects trees, and overharvesting medicinal barks has threatened species.","Moving bark spreads pests that kill whole forests."],"affectedParties":["Trees and forest ecosystems","Forest owners","Harvesters who depend on bark"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of the tree or forest; forest and plant health authorities regulate harvest and movement.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q28969364","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"plant material","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"cork","type":"related"},{"target":"quinine","type":"related","note":"cinchona bark"},{"target":"wood","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bark","Wikidata: Q184453 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184453)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["inner bark: secondary phloem note","cork oak harvest cycle: about 9 years","quinine isolated from cinchona bark: 1820 year - Pelletier and Caventou"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Outer tissues of woody stems","Barberry bark, ash bark, caper bark, Quercus cortex, birch bark, bark chips","Wood is inside the cambium; cork is a bark layer; sapwood is outer wood; a dog s bark is a sound","Rough, smooth, peeling or fissured outer covering of trunks and branches."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain anatomy and ecology","relay human uses","describe named barks","relay herbal safety"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Herb-drug interactions","Tree death from girdling","Overharvesting of medicinal barks"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Herbal medicine regulations","CITES listings for some bark species such as Prunus africana"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Protecting trees and supplying materials and medicines.","inner bark","outer bark and cork","birch bark","tanning barks","medicinal barks","bark mulch"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q184453: bark","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184453","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bark (botany)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark_%28botany%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should medicinal barks be separate entries?","How should pharmacognosy sources be linked?","Should birch bark manuscripts be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q184453/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q184453/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:53:45Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}