{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.osh","code":"thing-q1856321","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1856321/","name":"oshō","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Oshō (和尚) is a Japanese Buddhist title of respect for a priest or religious teacher, particularly in Zen, whose precise institutional meaning varies by Buddhist school.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise oshō as a context-dependent Japanese Buddhist clerical title, assess evidence for its use, and distinguish that title from specific appointments and permissions.","scope":{"in":["The meaning and use of oshō within a named Buddhist tradition and historical period","Evidence connecting the title to a particular holder","Tradition-specific qualifications and recognition procedures","Relationships between the title, dharma transmission and temple appointments","Activities authorised by independently documented qualifications or appointments"],"out":["The biography and personal identity of an individual title holder","Osho as the name of the spiritual teacher also known as Rajneesh","The organisation and property of a temple or Buddhist school","Buddhist doctrine and ritual procedures considered independently","Generic clergy employment, job advertisements and compensation","The complete hierarchy of Buddhist titles and ranks"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The occurrence denotes a clerical title or form of address, rather than merely matching the spelling of a personal name.","Its meaning is interpreted through a named tradition and period; an unqualified English translation does not establish equivalent standing across schools.","Evidence of being called oshō is distinguished from evidence of holding a resident-priest or abbot appointment.","Ordination, dharma transmission and institutional registration are recorded separately rather than collapsed into one qualification.","Use of oshō alone does not establish authority to train priests, transmit the dharma or exercise civil officiating powers."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"title-meaning-and-boundaries","name":"Title meaning and boundaries","description":"Establish what oshō denotes in the occurrence being modelled.","layers":[{"id":"written-form-and-referent","name":"Written form and referent","description":"Resolve the expression before interpreting religious standing.","findings":[{"id":"clerical-title-identification","name":"Clerical title identification","description":"Treat the Japanese Buddhist title as the working referent, retaining uncertainty until the registry's originating evidence confirms it.","questions":[{"text":"Does the originating registry record identify oshō as 和尚 or otherwise establish a Japanese Buddhist clerical title?","id":"clerical-title-identification-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence separates this occurrence from Osho as a personal name?","id":"clerical-title-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"local-meaning-and-translation","name":"Local meaning and translation","description":"Interpret the title within its own linguistic and institutional setting.","findings":[{"id":"contextual-title-equivalence","name":"Contextual title equivalence","description":"Record whether a source uses oshō as an honorific, recognised standing or translated designation; do not equate it automatically with rōshi, abbot or Zen master.","questions":[{"text":"How does the named community define oshō in the relevant period?","id":"contextual-title-equivalence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which neighbouring titles does that community explicitly distinguish from oshō?","id":"contextual-title-equivalence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"recognition-and-qualification","name":"Recognition and qualification","description":"Identify the local basis for recognising someone as oshō.","layers":[{"id":"recognising-authority","name":"Recognising authority","description":"Locate the institution or community whose recognition is being claimed.","findings":[{"id":"recognition-context","name":"Recognition context","description":"Distinguish institutional recognition from a teacher's usage, community address or self-description.","questions":[{"text":"Who recognises this holder as oshō, and in what capacity?","id":"recognition-context-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the recognition apply within one temple, a lineage or a wider denominational body?","id":"recognition-context-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"clerical-milestones","name":"Clerical milestones","description":"Keep the steps supporting title recognition individually assessable.","findings":[{"id":"documented-qualification-route","name":"Documented qualification route","description":"A Sōtō institutional account groups ten-e and zuise under Osho; this supports investigating a specific qualification route without generalising it to every school. [Soto Zen Buddhism North America](https://sotozen.us/aboutus/)","questions":[{"text":"Which ordination, transmission, ceremony or registration requirements does the relevant institution specify for oshō standing?","id":"documented-qualification-route-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which records demonstrate this holder's completion of each applicable requirement?","id":"documented-qualification-route-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"holder-lineage-and-office","name":"Holder, lineage and office","description":"Connect the title to a person without conflating spiritual relationships and organisational appointments.","layers":[{"id":"holder-and-transmission","name":"Holder and transmission","description":"Identify the title bearer and separately document any transmission relationship.","findings":[{"id":"separate-title-and-lineage-evidence","name":"Separate title and lineage evidence","description":"Record a claimed transmission teacher and event through their own evidence; do not reconstruct a lineage from the title alone.","questions":[{"text":"Which identified person bears the title in the source?","id":"separate-title-and-lineage-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What independent record establishes any claimed dharma transmission relationship?","id":"separate-title-and-lineage-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"temple-office","name":"Temple office","description":"Represent resident-priest, abbot or other appointments separately from oshō usage.","findings":[{"id":"appointment-specific-responsibility","name":"Appointment-specific responsibility","description":"Determine temple responsibilities from an appointment and its terms rather than treating oshō as the name of an office.","questions":[{"text":"Does the holder have a separately evidenced temple appointment, and who made it?","id":"appointment-specific-responsibility-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which responsibilities arise from that appointment rather than from oshō standing?","id":"appointment-specific-responsibility-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"religious-activities-and-permissions","name":"Religious activities and permissions","description":"Assess what a title holder is qualified and authorised to do in a particular setting.","layers":[{"id":"teaching-and-ritual-service","name":"Teaching and ritual service","description":"Relate proposed community activities to documented competence and permission.","findings":[{"id":"activity-specific-service-basis","name":"Activity-specific service basis","description":"Assess meditation instruction, teaching and ritual leadership separately wherever the institution distinguishes them.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence qualifies and authorises this holder to conduct the requested teaching or ritual?","id":"activity-specific-service-basis-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Does the activity require a temple invitation, local appointment or additional qualification?","id":"activity-specific-service-basis-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"clerical-training-and-transmission","name":"Clerical training and transmission","description":"Evaluate authority over the formation and recognition of other practitioners.","findings":[{"id":"training-authority-not-inferred","name":"Training authority not inferred","description":"Require specific evidence before attributing permission to ordain, supervise formal priest training or confer dharma transmission.","questions":[{"text":"Which authority and qualification permit the holder to perform the proposed ordination, training or transmission role?","id":"training-authority-not-inferred-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What additional verification is needed before assigning this holder responsibility for a trainee?","id":"training-authority-not-inferred-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"title-use-over-time","name":"Title use over time","description":"Track dated evidence and changes in recognition without treating every title occurrence as a current credential.","layers":[{"id":"dated-attribution","name":"Dated attribution","description":"Place title evidence in its temporal and documentary context.","findings":[{"id":"attribution-validity","name":"Attribution validity","description":"Separate the date a source was published from the period for which it attests title usage or recognition.","questions":[{"text":"For which period does the evidence attest the holder's use or recognition of oshō?","id":"attribution-validity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is this a contemporary institutional record, retrospective account or ceremonial reference?","id":"attribution-validity-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"contested-or-changed-standing","name":"Contested or changed standing","description":"Handle conflicting claims and changes under the relevant institution's rules.","findings":[{"id":"recognition-and-office-change","name":"Recognition and office change","description":"Record changes to title recognition, temple office and activity permissions separately; do not assume that one change automatically alters the others.","questions":[{"text":"Does a reported resignation, restriction or institutional departure affect title recognition, an appointment or only specified activities?","id":"recognition-and-office-change-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which institution can resolve conflicting evidence about the holder's current standing?","id":"recognition-and-office-change-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of oshō this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of oshō this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of oshō this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of oshō this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of oshō this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the title osho and its use in Zen and other Japanese Buddhist schools, citing sources.","Note how its meaning varies by school."],"mustNot":["Confuse the traditional title with the name of a modern guru movement.","Grant or claim the title for someone without the school's recognition.","Mock Buddhist clergy or practice.","Misstate the rank a title implies."],"requiresHuman":["Addressing or describing a named teacher in public material."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Titles carry religious authority that communities confer.","Confusion with a modern movement misleads readers."],"affectedParties":["Buddhist clergy","Practitioners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the title; Buddhist schools confer it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q119411839","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q4504549","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.osh","Wikidata: Q1856321 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1856321)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Attested title form: Original written form, romanisation and contextual translation; record whether 和尚 is attested","Tradition and institutional context: Named Buddhist school, lineage and recognising institution, where known","Usage function: Formal standing; honorific address; historical attribution; translated designation; unresolved","Title holder: Reference to a separately identified person","Recognition evidence: Reported; documented; disputed; unresolved, with dated supporting records","Qualification basis: Separate evidence for ordination, transmission, ceremonies, registration or other locally required milestones","Temple appointment: Named office, appointing body and appointment period; none evidenced; unknown","Activity-specific authority: Activity, authorising institution, supporting qualification, applicable place and period"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Disambiguate an occurrence of oshō from a personal name or a neighbouring clerical title.","Compare a title claim with the recognising tradition's documented requirements.","Identify missing evidence for ordination, transmission, registration or appointment.","Select a locally appropriate form of address or translation.","Determine whether a proposed religious activity has supporting authority beyond the title.","Refer disputed standing to the relevant institution while preserving the competing accounts."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating the title as proof of a particular appointment or qualification can misrepresent a person's authority.","Assuming that the title grants unrestricted permission to teach or officiate can conflict with institutional requirements.","Misidentifying a title holder can cause religious offense or reputational harm."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The International Labour Organization's International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO-08, includes religious professionals in unit group 2636 and can classify the occupation of a priest addressed as osho."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Osho is encountered in Japanese Buddhist communities as a respectful title for a priest or religious teacher, particularly in Zen.","It appears in forms of address, temple communications and descriptions of religious teaching or practice.","Its precise significance must be understood through the relevant Buddhist school and local institution."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1856321: oshō","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1856321","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Oshō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osh%C5%8D","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the originating record for vr.tr.osh confirm the Japanese Buddhist title 和尚, and does an existing Vercy world model already cover that concept?","Which traditions and historical periods fall within this registry entry, and how do their meanings and recognition requirements differ?","When is oshō a formal institutional designation rather than customary respectful address in each included tradition?","Which activities require qualifications or appointments additional to oshō recognition in each included institution?","How do the included institutions treat continued title usage after retirement, departure, disciplinary restriction or death?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1856321/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1856321/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:48:46Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"The title cannot be established from robes, hairstyle or other visible features because these do not uniquely identify its holders."},"score":1.0}}