{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.nobelium","code":"thing-q1901","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1901/","name":"nobelium","alternateNames":["nobelium-250","nobelium-251","nobelium-252","nobelium-253","nobelium-254","nobelium-255","nobelium-256","nobelium-257","nobelium-258","nobelium-259","nobelium-260","nobelium-261"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A synthetic radioactive actinide element with symbol No and atomic number 102, whose discovery claims from Stockholm in 1957, Berkeley in 1958 and Dubna in the 1960s were long disputed, with the IUPAC-IUPAP Transfermium Working Group in 1992 crediting the Dubna work, while the name nobelium, after Alfred Nobel, was retained; its known isotopes, including nobelium-250 to nobelium-255 and heavier ones, are short-lived, with nobelium-259 among the longest-lived at about an hour, so it is studied only atom by atom. The model stays at public reference level.","purpose":"Let an agent explain nobelium at public reference level, relay discovery history, naming dispute, isotopes and chemistry from IUPAC and nuclear science sources with attribution, describe the named isotopes, and distinguish nobelium from other actinides, transactinides and the Nobel Prize.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Synthetic","Disputed discovery","Short-lived","Divalent chemistry"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What nobelium is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is nobelium, and how does it differ from mendelevium, lawrencium, transactinides and the Nobel Prize?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about chemistry, history or the naming dispute?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"What are nobelium-250 to 255 and the longest-lived isotopes?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Discovery.","layers":[{"id":"claims","name":"Claims","description":"Discovery claims.","findings":[{"id":"claims-finding","name":"Claims","description":"Claims.","questions":[{"text":"What did the Stockholm, Berkeley and Dubna teams claim, and how did the 1992 report assess them?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"naming","name":"Naming","description":"Naming.","findings":[{"id":"naming-finding","name":"Naming","description":"Naming.","questions":[{"text":"Why was the name nobelium retained despite the credit to Dubna?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Chemistry and physics.","layers":[{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Chemistry.","findings":[{"id":"chemistry-finding","name":"Chemistry","description":"Chemistry.","questions":[{"text":"Why is nobelium unusually stable in the +2 state?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits actinide chemistry?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is nobelium produced in accelerators, at reference level?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Joint Institute for Nuclear Research?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Wider context.","layers":[{"id":"transfermium","name":"Transfermium wars","description":"Transfermium Wars.","findings":[{"id":"transfermium-finding","name":"Transfermium wars","description":"Transfermium wars.","questions":[{"text":"What were the Transfermium Wars over element names?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Transfermium Wars?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"island","name":"Stability","description":"Nuclear structure.","findings":[{"id":"island-finding","name":"Stability","description":"Stability.","questions":[{"text":"What do nobelium isotopes reveal about nuclear shell structure?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits island of stability?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report the properties, isotopes and discovery history of nobelium from published data.","Explain that it exists only in tiny, short-lived quantities made in accelerators."],"mustNot":["Offer or claim to supply nobelium as a material.","Advise on handling radioactive actinides outside a licensed facility.","Present one laboratory's discovery claim as uncontested.","Give measured values for properties that have only been predicted."],"requiresHuman":["Any work with radioactive material, which needs a licensed facility and qualified staff."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Discovery disputes over heavy elements were shaped by Cold War rivalry, which accounts should state.","Radioactive material endangers anyone handling it without proper controls."],"affectedParties":["Laboratory and radiation workers","Students and readers","Scientific community"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; the international chemistry union decides naming and the accelerator laboratories hold the data.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q19577","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"actinide","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Alfred Nobel","type":"related"},{"target":"IUPAC","type":"related","note":"with IUPAP in 1992 to Dubna"},{"target":"lawrencium","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.nobelium","Wikidata: Q1901 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1901)","symbol: No","CAS: 10028-14-5"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 102 number","longest-lived isotope: nobelium-259, about 58 minutes note","Transfermium Working Group report: 1992 year","stable oxidation state in water: +2 note - unusual for actinides"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 102, actinide","Nobelium-250, 251, 252, 253, 254 and 255 among other isotopes","Mendelevium is 101; lawrencium is 103; transactinides start at 104; the Nobel Prize is a separate namesake","Never seen in bulk; produced a few atoms at a time."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain properties at reference level","relay discovery disputes with attribution","describe isotopes","distinguish related elements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting disputed discovery claims as settled","Overstating practical uses","Requests beyond public reference level, which are out of scope"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IUPAC element naming procedures","Radiation protection in accelerator laboratories"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Scientific research only.","light nobelium isotopes such as 250 to 255","heavier isotopes such as 259","nobelium ions in chemistry experiments"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1901: nobelium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1901","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Nobelium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should isotopes be separate entries?","How should IUPAC sources be linked?","How should the discovery dispute be presented?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1901/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1901/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T20:47:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}