{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.orphan","code":"thing-q193279","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q193279/","name":"orphan","alternateNames":["AIDS orphan","war orphan","Wolf children","Orfas del Rei"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A child whose parents have died or have permanently abandoned them, with UNICEF counting children who have lost one or both parents through death, so that most children described as orphans under that statistical definition still have a living parent or relatives, including groups the registry aliases name such as AIDS orphans, war orphans, the Wolfskinder, German children orphaned or separated in East Prussia after the Second World War who survived by moving into Lithuania, and the Orfas d el-Rei, orphan girls sent by the Portuguese crown to colonies to marry settlers; child welfare policy now favours family-based care over orphanages, and orphanage tourism is widely criticised. Children at risk should be referred to child protection services.","purpose":"Let an agent explain orphanhood, relay definitions, statistics, historical groups and care approaches from UNICEF, child welfare and historical sources with debates attributed, describe the named groups, route children at risk to child protection, and distinguish orphans from foster children, adopted children, street children and unaccompanied minors.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Parental loss","Single and double orphans","Care arrangements vary","Historical and contemporary groups"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an orphan is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an orphan, and how does the term differ from foster, adopted, street and unaccompanied children?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a child currently unsafe or without care, in which case contact child protection services or emergency services?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"groups","name":"Groups","description":"Named groups.","findings":[{"id":"groups-finding","name":"Groups","description":"Groups.","questions":[{"text":"Who are AIDS orphans and war orphans, and who were the Wolfskinder and Orfas del Rei?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific group?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Care approaches.","layers":[{"id":"alternative","name":"Alternative care","description":"Alternative care.","findings":[{"id":"alternative-finding","name":"Alternative care","description":"Alternative care.","questions":[{"text":"What do the UN Guidelines recommend about family-based and institutional care?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"tourism","name":"Orphanage tourism","description":"Orphanage tourism.","findings":[{"id":"tourism-finding","name":"Orphanage tourism","description":"Orphanage tourism.","questions":[{"text":"Why do child protection organisations warn against orphanage tourism, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"wolf","name":"Wolfskinder","description":"Wolfskinder.","findings":[{"id":"wolf-finding","name":"Wolfskinder","description":"Wolfskinder.","questions":[{"text":"How do historians and survivors describe the Wolfskinder?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Wolfskinder?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"portugal","name":"Orfas del Rei","description":"Orfas del Rei.","findings":[{"id":"portugal-finding","name":"Orfas del Rei","description":"Orfas del Rei.","questions":[{"text":"What was the Portuguese practice of sending orphan girls to colonies?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation respectful and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Data and literature.","layers":[{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"How many orphans are there globally, checked against current UNICEF data?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which entry fits UNICEF?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"How have orphans been portrayed in literature from Oliver Twist onward?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits orphans in fiction?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report child welfare statistics from official and humanitarian sources, explaining how orphans are counted.","Help carers and children find lawful support services."],"mustNot":["Disclose an orphaned child's identity, location or history without lawful basis.","Assist in placing or adopting children outside lawful procedures.","Use images or stories of orphans for fundraising without consent and safeguarding.","Support orphanage tourism or volunteering that exposes children to harm."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision on a child's care, custody or adoption.","Reporting a safeguarding concern about a child."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Children without parental care are at high risk of exploitation, trafficking and abuse.","Most children called orphans have family; separating them for institutions can cause harm."],"affectedParties":["Children","Surviving relatives and carers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The child's guardian; child protection authorities answer for children without parental care.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Child protection case records","Civil registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q7569","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"child","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"foster care","type":"related","note":"among other arrangements"},{"target":"Convention on the Rights of the Child","type":"related"},{"target":"street children","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.orphan","Wikidata: Q193279 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193279)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["UNICEF orphan definition: loss of one or both parents note","UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children: 2009 year","Wolfskinder period: mid-to-late 1940s note - East Prussia and Lithuania"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Child who has lost one or both parents","AIDS orphan, war orphan, Wolf children, Orfas del Rei","Foster children live in temporary care; adopted children have new legal parents; street children may have families; unaccompanied minors are separated migrants","Not a visible object; a child s circumstance."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain definitions and data","relay care approaches with attribution","describe named historical groups","route children at risk to protection"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Promoting orphanage volunteering that may harm children","Treating all orphans as parentless","Sensationalising historical suffering"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UN Convention on the Rights of the Child","UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children","National child protection laws"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a social status of children.","single and double orphans","AIDS orphans","war orphans","historical orphan groups","children in institutional and family-based care"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q193279: orphan","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193279","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Orphan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the Wolfskinder and Orfas del Rei be separate entries?","How should UNICEF data be linked and kept current?","How should deinstitutionalisation debates be presented?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q193279/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q193279/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T21:11:32Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}