{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.monopodial","code":"thing-q1945092","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1945092/","name":"monopodial","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Monopodial describes a branching or growth pattern in which a main axis continues to develop from its apical meristem while lateral branches arise from subordinate buds.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise monopodial growth, assess continuity of an axis through its terminal meristem, and judge what further observation or intervention is justified.","scope":{"in":["Continuity of terminal-meristem contribution to an identified axis","Distinction between terminal extension and lateral replacement","Distribution of monopodial growth across axis orders and developmental stages","Evidence for apex persistence, cessation and replacement","Effects of apex damage or intervention on interpretation of growth architecture"],"out":["Whole-organism taxonomy and species identification","Complete models of sympodial and dichotomous branching","General hormone signalling and gene regulatory networks","Complete inflorescence classification","Species-specific cultivation, pruning and propagation protocols"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Trace successive portions of the assessed axis to a continuing terminal meristem; repeated lateral takeover supports a sympodial interpretation instead.","Inspect developmental origin rather than accepting a straight stem or dominant leader as sufficient evidence.","Distinguish lateral bud outgrowth beside a continuing apex from division of the apex itself when evaluating apparent forks.","Record lateral-branch suppression separately: apical dominance alone does not demonstrate terminal-meristem continuity.","Test the stated axis and life stage rather than treating one monopodial shoot as proof of a uniformly monopodial plant."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"monopodial-meaning","name":"Monopodial meaning","description":"Define the botanical interpretation and the unit to which the label applies.","layers":[{"id":"developmental-definition","name":"Developmental definition","description":"Anchor recognition in the developmental origin of the axis.","findings":[{"id":"persistent-terminal-extension","name":"Persistent terminal extension","description":"Use terminal-axis continuity as the working definition. UC Davis distinguishes a monopodial axis from one assembled through successive lateral branches. [UC Davis branching account](https://labs.plb.ucdavis.edu/rost/tomato/Stems/Branching.html)","questions":[{"text":"Does the registry source intend botanical monopodial growth, and what definition does it use?","id":"persistent-terminal-extension-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does the adopted definition require demonstrated persistence across multiple growth episodes?","id":"persistent-terminal-extension-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"classification-unit","name":"Classification unit","description":"Specify whether the assertion concerns an axis, an axis category or a broader habit.","findings":[{"id":"bounded-growth-assertion","name":"Bounded growth assertion","description":"Require each monopodial assertion to identify its plant part and developmental interval.","questions":[{"text":"Which axis and axis order are being described as monopodial?","id":"bounded-growth-assertion-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the supporting observation concern a particular specimen and stage or a published generalisation about a taxon?","id":"bounded-growth-assertion-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"axis-origin-and-continuation","name":"Axis origin and continuation","description":"Reconstruct which meristem produced each successive portion of an apparent axis.","layers":[{"id":"terminal-meristem-history","name":"Terminal meristem history","description":"Follow the terminal growing point through successive observations.","findings":[{"id":"extension-sequence","name":"Extension sequence","description":"Record the evidence connecting each new axis segment to the previously identified apex.","questions":[{"text":"What observations establish that successive extensions arose from the same terminal meristem?","id":"extension-sequence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Where do missing observations leave apex continuity unresolved?","id":"extension-sequence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"lateral-successor-detection","name":"Lateral successor detection","description":"Distinguish continuing terminal growth from lateral takeover.","findings":[{"id":"apparent-leader-origin","name":"Apparent leader origin","description":"Test the origin of a continuing leader using bud position, axis junctions and developmental observations.","questions":[{"text":"Did the apparent continuation originate at the previous terminal apex or from a lateral bud?","id":"apparent-leader-origin-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What observation would distinguish lateral takeover from a true division of the apex at this fork?","id":"apparent-leader-origin-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"growth-state-and-transitions","name":"Growth state and transitions","description":"Separate current apex activity from continuity of the growth programme.","layers":[{"id":"apex-persistence","name":"Apex persistence","description":"Assess whether an inactive growing point remains capable of terminal extension.","findings":[{"id":"rest-versus-termination","name":"Rest versus termination","description":"Require evidence to distinguish temporary inactivity, terminal differentiation and apex loss.","questions":[{"text":"Is the terminal meristem resting, reproductively terminated, dead or simply unobserved?","id":"rest-versus-termination-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which subsequent observation would establish resumption by that apex rather than replacement?","id":"rest-versus-termination-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"developmental-phase-change","name":"Developmental phase change","description":"Locate changes in the growth pattern along the developmental sequence.","findings":[{"id":"stage-specific-classification","name":"Stage-specific classification","description":"Allow classification to change with development: the UC Davis tomato account describes an initially monopodial main axis followed by sympodial growth after terminal flowering. [UC Davis branching account](https://labs.plb.ucdavis.edu/rost/tomato/Stems/Branching.html)","questions":[{"text":"At which node, event or developmental stage does terminal continuation cease?","id":"stage-specific-classification-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Should the monopodial label apply only to the preceding segment or to a broader architectural description under the chosen terminology?","id":"stage-specific-classification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"branch-system-context","name":"Branch system context","description":"Place monopodial extension within the plant's branching system without conflating distinct architectural traits.","layers":[{"id":"mixed-axis-patterns","name":"Mixed axis patterns","description":"Compare terminal continuity among axis categories.","findings":[{"id":"axis-pattern-distribution","name":"Axis pattern distribution","description":"Permit different classifications within one plant; cotton research documents coexisting monopodial and sympodial shoots. [McGarry et al., 2016](https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.14037)","questions":[{"text":"Which trunk, vegetative-branch and reproductive-branch categories have independently supported growth classifications?","id":"axis-pattern-distribution-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence would justify summarising the whole plant as monopodial despite differences among its axes?","id":"axis-pattern-distribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dominance-and-form","name":"Dominance and form","description":"Separate terminal continuity from relative branch growth and visible habit.","findings":[{"id":"independent-architectural-traits","name":"Independent architectural traits","description":"Record leader prominence, lateral outgrowth and stem orientation as contextual observations rather than substitutes for apex history.","questions":[{"text":"Is the diagnosis based on meristem continuity or only on a tall, straight or visually dominant stem?","id":"independent-architectural-traits-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence about terminal continuity remains when differences in lateral-branch vigour are set aside?","id":"independent-architectural-traits-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"apex-disturbance-and-response","name":"Apex disturbance and response","description":"Interpret damaged or managed axes and constrain actions that depend on their growth pattern.","layers":[{"id":"disturbance-history","name":"Disturbance history","description":"Establish whether apex loss was developmental, accidental or induced.","findings":[{"id":"replacement-cause","name":"Replacement cause","description":"Keep a disturbance-induced successor distinct from evidence of a regularly repeated sympodial programme.","questions":[{"text":"Was terminal-apex loss preceded by pruning, breakage, herbivory or another documented disturbance?","id":"replacement-cause-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does comparable undamaged growth show the same replacement sequence?","id":"replacement-cause-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"intervention-interpretation","name":"Intervention interpretation","description":"Connect proposed apex interventions to known continuation options and subsequent observation.","findings":[{"id":"continuation-after-apex-loss","name":"Continuation after apex loss","description":"Require species-specific evidence before predicting replacement growth, and record the origin of any resulting leader.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence identifies viable successor buds and their likely response before a proposed apex-removal action?","id":"continuation-after-apex-loss-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"After intervention, which meristem actually supplies continued extension, and how should the assessed segment be relabelled?","id":"continuation-after-apex-loss-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of monopodial this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of monopodial this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of monopodial this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe monopodial growth and give examples from botanical sources.","Use the term to classify plants in botanical records."],"mustNot":["Confuse monopodial with sympodial growth when advising on pruning or cultivation.","Present uncertain classifications as settled.","Remove wild plants, such as orchids, from protected habitats to study or sell them."],"requiresHuman":["Pruning or cutting the main growing tip of a valuable plant."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Wrong advice can kill plants whose single main axis cannot be replaced.","Rare monopodial orchids are taken from the wild for trade."],"affectedParties":["Growers and gardeners","Wild plant populations","Students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; the owner of each plant answers for its care.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q12003882","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.monopodial","Wikidata: Q1945092 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945092)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Assessment extent: Identified plant, axis, axis order and observed segment","Terminal-meristem continuity: Supported; contradicted by replacement; unresolved","Apex condition: Actively extending; resting; reproductively terminated; dead; removed; unknown","Continuation origin: Same terminal meristem; identified lateral meristem; unresolved origin","Observation duration: Days and number of observed growth episodes","Observed apex replacements: Count within the specified axis segment and observation interval","Architectural context: Monopodial in assessed axes; mixed by axis order; changing by stage; unresolved"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["An actively growing main axis continues through its terminal growing point while lateral branches emerge below it.","Successive observations show extension of the same main axis rather than repeated replacement by a lateral shoot.","Side branches are subordinate to the continuing main axis, although damage or dormancy can obscure this arrangement."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify an observed axis as consistent with monopodial extension or flag insufficient developmental evidence.","Build a sequence linking terminal buds, extension episodes and any replacement shoots.","Compare growth patterns among the trunk, lateral branches and developmental stages.","Select follow-up observations that distinguish a persistent apex from a lateral successor.","Flag proposed apex removal for species-specific review and track the resulting continuation pattern."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing monopodial and sympodial growth can lead to unsuitable pruning or propagation decisions.","Damage to the terminal growing point can interrupt the main axis and permanently alter plant form.","Treating a temporarily dominant shoot as proof of monopodial growth can cause identification and monitoring errors."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Monopodial describes plant architecture in botany, horticulture and the identification of growth habits.","It helps observers distinguish continued growth of a main axis from growth maintained by successive replacement axes.","The distinction supports interpretation of branching, damage and development in plants such as certain orchids and conifers."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1945092: monopodial","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945092","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Monopodial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopodial","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend botanical monopodial growth, and is ACT.PRC its deliberate classification?","How do botanical architecture and horticultural accounts differ in applying monopodial to an axis versus an entire plant?","What minimum developmental evidence should support a monopodial diagnosis when only a specimen or single image is available?","How should finite terminal growth and isolated injury-induced replacement affect the label under different published definitions?","Should uses of monopodial for rhizomes, roots or non-plant branching systems fall within this entry, and which sources establish those boundaries?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1945092/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1945092/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:23:13Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No dedicated regulatory standard or official classification governs monopodial growth as a botanical descriptive trait."},"score":1.0}}