{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.microscope","code":"thing-q196538","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q196538/","name":"microscope","alternateNames":["BioTek Cytation","X-ray microscope","x-ray analytical microscope","x-ray fluorescence microscope","synchrotron x-ray microscope","nano x-ray microscope","micro x-ray microscope","two-photon excitation microscopy","4Pi STED microscopy","scanning tunneling microscope","optical microscope","Cell-based SPR Microscopy"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An instrument that magnifies objects too small to see with the unaided eye, from simple and compound optical microscopes using visible light, through fluorescence and confocal microscopes, to electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes and X-ray microscopes including synchrotron, fluorescence and nano X-ray instruments, and automated imaging systems for biology such as multi-mode readers; microscopes are essential in biology, medicine, materials science and manufacturing.","purpose":"Let an agent explain microscopes and their kinds, relay principles, resolution limits and uses from reference sources, describe modern imaging systems, and distinguish microscopes from magnifiers, telescopes and imaging readers.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Magnification and resolution","Multiple physical principles","Diffraction limit and its circumvention","Automation and digital imaging"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a microscope is.","layers":[{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds and principles.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What kinds of microscope exist, and on what physical principles do they work?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the instrument a microscope, a magnifier, a telescope or a plate reader?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"resolution","name":"Resolution","description":"Resolution and magnification.","findings":[{"id":"resolution-finding","name":"Resolution","description":"Resolution.","questions":[{"text":"What limits resolution, and how do super-resolution and electron microscopes exceed the optical limit?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biology and medicine.","findings":[{"id":"biology-finding","name":"Biology","description":"Biology.","questions":[{"text":"How are microscopes used in cell biology, pathology and diagnostics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Materials and industry.","findings":[{"id":"materials-finding","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","questions":[{"text":"How are electron, probe and X-ray microscopes used in materials science and manufacturing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific technique?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"operate","name":"Operate","description":"Operation and safety.","layers":[{"id":"technique","name":"Technique","description":"Sample preparation and imaging.","findings":[{"id":"technique-finding","name":"Technique","description":"Technique.","questions":[{"text":"How are samples prepared and images acquired and interpreted?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety and standards.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What safety and calibration standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits laboratory safety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and future.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did microscopes develop from Leeuwenhoek and Hooke to electron and super-resolution microscopy, including Nobel-recognised advances?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of microscopy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"future","name":"Future","description":"Trends.","findings":[{"id":"future-finding","name":"Future","description":"Future.","questions":[{"text":"How are automation, AI and cryo-electron microscopy changing the field, as reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits cryo-electron microscopy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Operate, calibrate and record images on a microscope it is authorized to use.","Describe microscope types and their suitable uses."],"mustNot":["Report observations as diagnostic findings in place of a qualified pathologist.","Alter or selectively crop micrographs in ways that misrepresent results.","Expose users to laser or ultraviolet sources with safety interlocks defeated.","Share images of patient samples without consent or de-identification."],"requiresHuman":["Signing off a diagnostic slide reading.","Publishing images that could identify a patient or donor."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Image manipulation is a common form of research fraud with real consequences for patients.","Samples come from people and animals whose consent and welfare matter."],"affectedParties":["Patients whose samples are examined","Researchers and students","Readers of published results"]},"owners":{"steward":"The laboratory or institution that owns the instrument.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Laboratory equipment and calibration records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1751850","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"optical instrument","type":"related","note":"in registry terms, for light microscopes"},{"target":"microscopy","type":"related","note":"the technique"},{"target":"diffraction limit","type":"related","note":"in optical forms"},{"target":"telescope","type":"related","note":"for distant objects"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.microscope","Wikidata: Q196538 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["optical resolution limit: about 200 nm - diffraction limit","electron microscope resolution: under 0.1 nm - best instruments"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Instrument for magnifying small objects","Optical, fluorescence, confocal, electron, probe and X-ray microscopes","A magnifying glass is a single lens; a telescope images distant objects; a plate reader measures rather than images","A stand with eyepieces, objectives and a stage, or a large cabinet instrument for electron and X-ray systems."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain kinds and principles","relay resolution and limits","describe applications","distinguish from related instruments"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Artefacts and misinterpretation","Laser, electron beam and X-ray hazards","Confusing instrument types"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO standards for microscope components and calibration","Laser and radiation safety rules for some instruments","Medical device rules for diagnostic imaging systems"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Magnifying and imaging small objects.","simple and compound optical microscopes","stereo microscopes","fluorescence and confocal microscopes","super-resolution microscopes","transmission and scanning electron microscopes","scanning probe microscopes","X-ray microscopes including synchrotron and X-ray fluorescence instruments","automated imaging readers such as multi-mode cell imagers"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q196538: microscope","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Microscope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should optical and electron microscopes be separate primary entries?","How should standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming X-ray instruments and a commercial reader; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q196538/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q196538/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T01:44:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}