{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.romance","code":"thing-q19814","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19814/","name":"Romance","alternateNames":["Judaeo-Romance","Judæo-Italian","Zarphatic","Judæo-Piedmontese","Judeo-Livornese","Centro-Southern Italian linguistic area","Italo-Western","Southern Romance","Eastern Romance","Austrian romance language","Pannonian Romance","Sabir"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The group of languages descended from Vulgar Latin, including Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, Sardinian, Romansh and many regional varieties across Italy and Iberia, together with Judaeo-Romance varieties such as Zarphatic and Judaeo-Italian dialects; Romance languages are spoken by around a billion people, are classified into branches by shared innovations, and are studied in Romance linguistics for their development from Latin and their dialect continua.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Romance language family and its branches and members, describe development from Latin and shared features, support learners and researchers, and describe classification debates with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Latin descent","Shared innovations","Dialect continua","Global spread"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Romance languages are.","layers":[{"id":"family","name":"Family","description":"Family and branches.","findings":[{"id":"family-finding","name":"Family","description":"Family.","questions":[{"text":"Which languages belong to the Romance family, and how are they classified into branches?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the family or a specific language meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"development","name":"Development","description":"Development from Latin.","findings":[{"id":"development-finding","name":"Development","description":"Development.","questions":[{"text":"How did Romance languages develop from Vulgar Latin, and what shared changes define them?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Vulgar Latin?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"features","name":"Features","description":"Features and varieties.","layers":[{"id":"features","name":"Features","description":"Shared features.","findings":[{"id":"features-finding","name":"Features","description":"Features.","questions":[{"text":"What phonological, grammatical and lexical features do Romance languages share and where do they diverge?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific language?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"varieties","name":"Varieties","description":"Regional and Judaeo-Romance varieties.","findings":[{"id":"varieties-finding","name":"Varieties","description":"Varieties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the Italian dialect areas, Judaeo-Romance varieties such as Zarphatic and Judaeo-Italian, and other minority varieties?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning and use.","layers":[{"id":"learners","name":"Learners","description":"For learners.","findings":[{"id":"learners-finding","name":"Learners","description":"Learners.","questions":[{"text":"How can knowledge of one Romance language help in learning another, and which resources exist?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits language learning?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"intelligibility","name":"Intelligibility","description":"Mutual intelligibility.","findings":[{"id":"intelligibility-finding","name":"Intelligibility","description":"Intelligibility.","questions":[{"text":"How mutually intelligible are Romance languages, according to research?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"study","name":"Study","description":"Scholarship and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"scholarship","name":"Scholarship","description":"Romance linguistics.","findings":[{"id":"scholarship-finding","name":"Scholarship","description":"Scholarship.","questions":[{"text":"How did Romance linguistics develop, and what debates exist about classification, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can the Romance family be taught comparatively?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the Romance languages, their history and relations, citing linguistic sources.","Translate between Romance languages with attention to regional varieties."],"mustNot":["Dismiss regional Romance varieties as mere dialects to be corrected.","Treat speakers of minority Romance languages as speaking a standard national language.","Present contested classifications as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Deciding which language variety a public service will provide."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Minority Romance languages, such as Sardinian or Occitan, have faced suppression.","Language is tied to identity and access to public life."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of minority varieties","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: the languages belong to their speakers; language academies set some standards.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q33478","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Latino-Faliscan","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Catalan","type":"related","note":"a Romance language"},{"target":"Oil","type":"related","note":"a Gallo-Romance group"},{"target":"Indo-European people","type":"related","note":"speakers within the wider family"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.romance","Wikidata: Q19814 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19814)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Descended from Vulgar Latin","Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian and others","Latin itself is the ancestor; Germanic and Celtic are other Indo-European branches","Not physical; spoken and written languages."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the family and branches","describe development from Latin","support learners and researchers","describe classification debates"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating regional varieties as mere dialects","Presenting contested classifications as settled","Ignoring Judaeo-Romance and minority varieties"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Language academies for individual Romance languages","Minority language recognition","No regulation of the family"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Languages descended from Latin.","Ibero-Romance","Gallo-Romance","Italo-Romance and Italian dialect areas","Eastern Romance","Judaeo-Romance and other varieties"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q19814: Romance","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19814","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Romance languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each branch be a separate entry?","How should linguistic atlases be linked?","How should classification debates be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q19814/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q19814/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T04:43:14Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}