{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.indo-european","code":"thing-q19860","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19860/","name":"Indo-European","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A large family of related languages descended from a reconstructed common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European, including the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Celtic, Baltic, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranian and extinct Anatolian and Tocharian branches, spoken as first languages by nearly half the world population.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Indo-European language family, its branches, reconstruction methods and origins debates, and support comparing and learning its languages with attributed scholarship.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Descended from Proto-Indo-European","Many branches","Reconstructed by the comparative method","Origins debated"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"family","name":"Family","description":"Branches.","layers":[{"id":"branches","name":"Branches","description":"Which branch.","findings":[{"id":"branches-finding","name":"Branches","description":"Branches.","questions":[{"text":"Which branch does this language belong to, and which are its closest relatives?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which branches are extinct?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"membership","name":"Membership","description":"Is it Indo-European.","findings":[{"id":"membership-finding","name":"Membership","description":"Membership.","questions":[{"text":"Is this language Indo-European, or does it belong to another family?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which evidence shows it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"Reconstruction.","layers":[{"id":"comparative","name":"Comparative","description":"Sound laws.","findings":[{"id":"comparative-finding","name":"Comparative","description":"Comparative method.","questions":[{"text":"How does the comparative method reconstruct Proto-Indo-European?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are examples of sound laws like Grimm law?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"cognates","name":"Cognates","description":"Related words.","findings":[{"id":"cognates-finding","name":"Cognates","description":"Cognates.","questions":[{"text":"Are these words cognates, according to etymological dictionaries?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What is the reconstructed root?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Homeland debates.","layers":[{"id":"hypotheses","name":"Hypotheses","description":"Steppe and other.","findings":[{"id":"hypotheses-finding","name":"Hypotheses","description":"Hypotheses.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main hypotheses on the Indo-European homeland, and which scholars support each?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What do ancient DNA studies add?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"misuse","name":"Misuse","description":"Ideological misuse.","findings":[{"id":"misuse-finding","name":"Misuse","description":"Misuse.","questions":[{"text":"Does the request use the family to make ethnic or racial claims?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should the agent separate language from ethnicity?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Using the knowledge.","layers":[{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Language learning.","findings":[{"id":"learning-finding","name":"Learning","description":"Learning.","questions":[{"text":"How can knowing one Indo-European language help learn another?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which false friends arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"resources","name":"Resources","description":"Scholarship.","findings":[{"id":"resources-finding","name":"Resources","description":"Resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which introductions and dictionaries cover Indo-European studies?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which are up to date?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the Indo-European family, its branches and the reconstruction of its ancestor.","State which hypotheses about origins and homelands are contested."],"mustNot":["Use language relatedness to claim racial, ethnic or national superiority.","Present a contested homeland hypothesis as settled fact.","Equate reconstructed language with a people, a culture or ancestry.","Invent reconstructed forms or cognates."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing claims that link genetics, language and ethnic identity."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Indo-European studies were misused to support racist ideology, and still are.","Linguistic ancestry says nothing about the worth of any group."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of the languages","Groups targeted by ethnic ideologies","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; the academic community maintains the reconstruction.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q20162172","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q771861","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"human language","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Dutch","type":"related","note":"member language"},{"target":"Papuan","type":"related","note":"other grouping"},{"target":"historical linguistics","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.indo-european","Wikidata: Q19860 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19860)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Family tree of branches","Systematic sound correspondences","Uralic and Semitic languages are separate families","Not physical; languages and reconstructed forms."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the branches and their languages","explain the comparative method and reconstruction","summarise origin hypotheses with attribution","trace cognates across languages"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting origin hypotheses as settled","Misusing the family for ethnic or nationalist claims","Folk etymologies"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No regulation; scholarly conventions for reconstruction"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Historical linguistics and understanding language relationships.","Germanic","Italic and Romance","Balto-Slavic","Indo-Iranian","Celtic, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Anatolian and Tocharian"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q19860: Indo-European","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19860","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Indo-European languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each branch be a separate entry?","How should etymological dictionaries be linked?","How should ancient DNA findings be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q19860/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q19860/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T15:39:38Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}