{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.nigun","code":"thing-q1989725","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1989725/","name":"nigun","alternateNames":["Karlin tunes","Slonim niggunim","Chabad niggunim"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A nigun is a melody or tune in Jewish musical usage, especially a Hasidic devotional melody sung, often without lexical words, for spiritual reflection or communal participation.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise a nigun, assess evidence for its identity and transmission, and decide how to describe, teach, perform or reuse a particular version.","scope":{"in":["Identification through names, melodic incipits and community repertoire references","Melodic organisation, repetition and relationships between melody, meaningful words and vocables","Attributed origins, oral transmission and competing lineage accounts","Community-specific devotional purposes and performance conventions","Relationships among the melody, versions, arrangements, performances, scores and recordings","Evidence quality and conditions governing teaching, adaptation and reuse"],"out":["Hasidic movements, courts and congregations as organisations","Biographies of composers, teachers and performers","Prayer texts and their theological interpretation as independent works","Gatherings and worship services as events","Audio files, printed editions and individual copies as independently managed objects","General music theory and comprehensive copyright administration"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require an attested repertoire or community identification as a nigun; wordlessness or repetition alone does not establish membership.","Do not require absence of lyrics: Chabad describes nigunim as often wordless, and its repertoire includes text-bearing examples. [Chabad definition](https://www.chabad.org/search/keyword_cdo/kid/2426/t/121/jewish/Nigun-The.htm), [repertoire examples](https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2079126/jewish/Audio-Video-and-Musical-Notes.htm).","Distinguish a named, recognisable melody from a generic prayer recitation pattern by checking melodic witnesses and how practitioners identify it.","Distinguish the melody from a performance or recording: a changed singer, key or carrier does not by itself establish a different nigun.","Distinguish origin from adoption: association with a teacher or community must specify whether it concerns composition, transmission, introduction or customary use."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"nigun-identity","name":"Nigun identity","description":"Establish what is being recognised and how its names connect to a melody.","layers":[{"id":"repertoire-membership","name":"Repertoire membership","description":"Locate the melody within an explicitly identified usage of the term nigun.","findings":[{"id":"attested-designation","name":"Attested designation","description":"Record who calls the melody a nigun and the scope of that designation.","questions":[{"text":"Which practitioner, community or collection identifies this melody as a nigun?","id":"attested-designation-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does that source use nigun for a devotional repertoire item or for melody more broadly?","id":"attested-designation-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"names-and-melodic-matches","name":"Names and melodic matches","description":"Resolve titles through musical and repertoire evidence.","findings":[{"id":"identity-across-titles","name":"Identity across titles","description":"Connect spelling variants and alternate names while retaining evidence against mistaken mergers.","questions":[{"text":"Which titles, transliterations or repertoire numbers refer to this melody, and according to whom?","id":"identity-across-titles-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which incipit and later phrases distinguish it from other melodies sharing its title?","id":"identity-across-titles-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"musical-and-vocal-form","name":"Musical and vocal form","description":"Describe the melody's recognisable organisation and its treatment of the voice.","layers":[{"id":"phrase-and-cycle-structure","name":"Phrase and cycle structure","description":"Capture melodic sections, returns and pacing against identified witnesses.","findings":[{"id":"structural-musical-evidence","name":"Structural musical evidence","description":"Distinguish recurring melodic features from choices made in a particular rendition.","questions":[{"text":"What phrase sequence, cadences and repeated sections can be identified in the referenced witness?","id":"structural-musical-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which structural features recur across witnesses, and which repetitions or tempo changes vary?","id":"structural-musical-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"words-and-vocables","name":"Words and vocables","description":"Describe whether and how syllables or meaningful texts attach to the melody.","findings":[{"id":"vocal-material-status","name":"Vocal material status","description":"Record the vocal material of each version without assuming it defines every version.","questions":[{"text":"Does this version use vocables, meaningful words, both, or no voice?","id":"vocal-material-status-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence establishes whether its text or vocables are customary, optional or a later setting?","id":"vocal-material-status-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"origin-and-transmission","name":"Origin and transmission","description":"Trace how the nigun entered and moved through a repertoire.","layers":[{"id":"attribution-accounts","name":"Attribution accounts","description":"Represent origin claims with their stated roles and evidential limits.","findings":[{"id":"attribution-role-and-support","name":"Attribution role and support","description":"Attach each origin account to a source and a precise relationship.","questions":[{"text":"Does the named person's association concern composition, teaching, adoption or dedication?","id":"attribution-role-and-support-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What is the earliest located support for that account, and which sources dispute it?","id":"attribution-role-and-support-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"transmission-witnesses","name":"Transmission witnesses","description":"Connect teachers, communities, recordings and notations without inventing continuity.","findings":[{"id":"documented-transmission-path","name":"Documented transmission path","description":"Record witnessed transmission steps and gaps between them.","questions":[{"text":"Who learned or recorded this version from whom, where and when?","id":"documented-transmission-path-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which links are directly documented, retrospectively reported or unknown?","id":"documented-transmission-path-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"devotional-and-performance-context","name":"Devotional and performance context","description":"Connect the nigun to situated meanings and singing practices.","layers":[{"id":"occasion-and-intention","name":"Occasion and intention","description":"Record attested occasions and the meanings participants give to singing.","findings":[{"id":"situated-devotional-purpose","name":"Situated devotional purpose","description":"Treat devotional meanings as attributed interpretations rather than measurable universal effects.","questions":[{"text":"Which community associates this nigun with which occasions or devotional intentions?","id":"situated-devotional-purpose-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a claimed emotional or spiritual effect a participant account, teaching or research interpretation?","id":"situated-devotional-purpose-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"participation-and-conventions","name":"Participation and conventions","description":"Describe how participants enter, sustain and conclude a rendition.","findings":[{"id":"contextual-performance-guidance","name":"Contextual performance guidance","description":"Identify supported conventions for leading, joining, repeating and accompanying the melody.","questions":[{"text":"How are entry, repetition, transitions and ending coordinated in the documented practice?","id":"contextual-performance-guidance-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What guidance applies to singing or arranging this nigun for the proposed community and occasion?","id":"contextual-performance-guidance-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"versions-and-responsible-reuse","name":"Versions and responsible reuse","description":"Separate the melody from its expressions and carriers, then assess proposed uses.","layers":[{"id":"version-and-carrier-boundaries","name":"Version and carrier boundaries","description":"Relate musical variants, performances, notations and recordings to the identified nigun.","findings":[{"id":"witness-level-identification","name":"Witness-level identification","description":"Assign evidence and identifiers to the entity they actually describe.","questions":[{"text":"Does this reference identify the melody, a version, an arrangement, a performance, an edition or an individual copy?","id":"witness-level-identification-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What musical comparison and community testimony support treating two witnesses as versions of the same nigun?","id":"witness-level-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"adaptation-and-access-decisions","name":"Adaptation and access decisions","description":"Evaluate teaching, transcription, adaptation and distribution against specific evidence.","findings":[{"id":"action-specific-use-basis","name":"Action-specific use basis","description":"Keep legal permission, performer consent and community guidance distinct and scoped to the proposed action.","questions":[{"text":"What rights or permission evidence supports the intended use of this particular arrangement, score or recording?","id":"action-specific-use-basis-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What sourced community guidance bears on adaptation, attribution or circulation in the intended setting?","id":"action-specific-use-basis-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which unresolved evidence prevents a supported decision about the proposed use?","id":"action-specific-use-basis-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of nigun this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe nigunim and their place in Hasidic and wider Jewish life from reliable sources.","Catalogue recordings and transcriptions with the community, composer and performer where known."],"mustNot":["Use a nigun in mockery, hate content or settings that demean the community.","Attribute a melody to a rebbe or composer without evidence.","Record or publish private worship or gatherings without permission.","Commercially exploit melodies in ways the holding community objects to."],"requiresHuman":["Recording or releasing a nigun sung at a private religious gathering."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Nigunim are devotional and carry spiritual meaning for the communities that sing them.","Attribution and transmission within courts and lineages matter to their identity."],"affectedParties":["Hasidic and other Jewish communities","Singers and composers","Listeners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns most traditional melodies; communities transmit them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q10978770","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q59032066","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.nigun","Wikidata: Q1989725 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989725)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Attested repertoire identity: Community or collection reference, local name, catalogue identifier and supporting witness","Text relationship: Vocables only; meaningful words; mixed; instrumental witness; unknown, recorded per version","Melodic identity evidence: Referenced incipit, phrase contour, cadences and comparison passages","Section and repetition profile: Witness-specific section sequence, repeat conventions and permitted variation","Performed tempo: Beats per minute with beat unit and passage reference; unmetered or variable where applicable","Attribution confidence: Documented; attributed by a named tradition; disputed; unknown","Devotional use: Community, occasion, stated purpose and source","Version relationship: Variant of; arrangement of; text setting of; possibly related to; identity disputed","Use assessment: Supported; conditional; unresolved, scoped to an action, version and carrier"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify a candidate melody using repertoire references and comparable musical passages.","Compare sung versions and explain which differences support a variant relationship.","Prepare a learning guide with phrase boundaries, vocables and sourced repetition conventions.","Select a documented version for a specified community and occasion.","Trace competing attribution accounts without turning association into authorship.","Assess a proposed adaptation or recording reuse against available rights evidence and community guidance."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misattribution can rewrite the history of a community's melodies."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, adopted by its contracting states and administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization, applies to qualifying protected musical compositions and arrangements."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A nigun is encountered in Jewish devotional life, especially in Hasidic communal singing and spiritual reflection.","Melodies are also transmitted through teaching, recordings and performances, with meanings and practices that vary between communities.","Identifying a particular version supports accurate attribution and respectful discussion of its transmission."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1989725: nigun","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989725","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Nigun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigun","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.nigun intend the broad meaning of melody or a narrower Jewish devotional form, and which registry evidence resolves that scope?","Which sources outside the Chabad repertoire are needed to test whether this draft's categories fit other communities?","How do relevant practitioners distinguish a variant of one nigun from a separate nigun when titles, texts or phrase structures change?","Where do community boundaries between nigun, prayer recitation, liturgical song and other Jewish song categories overlap?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1989725/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1989725/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:35:41Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"A nigun is identified through its melody and cultural context rather than through distinctive visual features."},"score":1.0}}