{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.carbon-dioxide","code":"thing-q1997","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1997/","name":"carbon dioxide","alternateNames":["supercritical carbon dioxide","Amorphous carbonia","carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Earth","liquid carbon dioxide","Carbon-13C dioxide","Methane(¹⁷O₂)dione","(¹⁴C)Methanedione"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical compound of one carbon and two oxygen atoms, a colourless gas at ambient conditions that is a trace but critical component of Earth s atmosphere, produced by respiration, combustion and volcanism and consumed by photosynthesis, existing also as liquid and solid dry ice, as supercritical carbon dioxide used as a solvent, and as exotic forms such as amorphous carbonia, with isotopically labelled forms such as carbon-13 dioxide used in research; its rising atmospheric concentration from fossil fuel burning is the main driver of climate change.","purpose":"Let an agent explain carbon dioxide and its properties, relay its roles in the carbon cycle, atmosphere and climate from scientific sources with attribution, describe industrial uses and hazards, and distinguish carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide, carbonic acid and carbonates.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Greenhouse gas","Carbon cycle hub","Sublimes as dry ice","Supercritical solvent"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What carbon dioxide is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties and forms.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties of carbon dioxide, and what are dry ice, supercritical CO2 and amorphous carbonia?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid or carbonates?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"cycle","name":"Cycle","description":"Carbon cycle.","findings":[{"id":"cycle-finding","name":"Cycle","description":"Cycle.","questions":[{"text":"How does carbon dioxide move through respiration, photosynthesis, oceans and rocks?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits carbon cycle?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"climate","name":"Climate","description":"Atmosphere and climate.","layers":[{"id":"greenhouse","name":"Greenhouse","description":"Greenhouse effect.","findings":[{"id":"greenhouse-finding","name":"Greenhouse","description":"Greenhouse.","questions":[{"text":"How does carbon dioxide warm the planet, and what do IPCC assessments conclude?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"trends","name":"Trends","description":"Trends and policy.","findings":[{"id":"trends-finding","name":"Trends","description":"Trends.","questions":[{"text":"How have concentrations changed, and what policies address emissions, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation evidence-based and neutral on policy?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses and hazards.","layers":[{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is carbon dioxide used in beverages, fire suppression, refrigeration, supercritical extraction and enhanced oil recovery?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"hazards","name":"Hazards","description":"Hazards.","findings":[{"id":"hazards-finding","name":"Hazards","description":"Hazards.","questions":[{"text":"What are the asphyxiation and other hazards of carbon dioxide, and how are they managed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits carbon dioxide poisoning?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Capture and history.","layers":[{"id":"capture","name":"Capture","description":"Capture and removal.","findings":[{"id":"capture-finding","name":"Capture","description":"Capture.","questions":[{"text":"How do carbon capture, storage and removal technologies work, and what debates surround them, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits carbon capture and storage?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was carbon dioxide discovered by van Helmont and Black, and how was its climate role established?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of climate science?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe carbon dioxide, its properties and role in climate from attributed scientific sources.","Report measured concentrations with source and date.","Warn that carbon dioxide can accumulate in cellars, tanks and confined spaces."],"mustNot":["Encourage entering spaces where carbon dioxide may have displaced air.","Confuse carbon dioxide with carbon monoxide in safety information.","Spread climate misinformation or present settled findings as in doubt.","Present uncertain projections as precise."],"requiresHuman":["Entry into confined spaces such as fermentation tanks or holds.","Changing gas systems in breweries, cold stores or fire suppression."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rising carbon dioxide drives climate change with harms that fall unequally.","Asphyxiation incidents kill workers and rescuers."],"affectedParties":["Workers in confined spaces","Future generations","Communities vulnerable to climate change"]},"owners":{"steward":"The public: held in common as part of the atmosphere; emitters answer for their emissions.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National greenhouse gas inventories","Emissions trading registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1366137","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1778613","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"oxocarbon","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"acidic oxide","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"climate change","type":"related","note":"as the main greenhouse gas"},{"target":"photosynthesis","type":"related","note":"in plants"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.carbon-dioxide","Wikidata: Q1997 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997)","CAS: 124-38-9 carbon dioxide","E number: E290 food additive","ChEBI: CHEBI:16526 carbon dioxide"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atmospheric concentration: about 420 ppm - mid-2020s, rising","pre-industrial concentration: about 280 ppm","sublimation point: -78.5 C - at 1 atm","critical point: 31.0 C and 73.8 bar note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Carbon dioxide gas, liquid, solid and supercritical","Atmospheric CO2, dry ice, supercritical CO2, amorphous carbonia, carbon-13 dioxide","Carbon monoxide is toxic CO; carbonic acid is the dissolved form; carbonates are salts","An invisible gas; solid as white dry ice."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain properties and forms","relay atmospheric and climate roles","describe uses and hazards","distinguish related compounds"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Asphyxiation in confined spaces","Confusing with carbon monoxide","Climate misinformation, to be countered with attributed science"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement and emissions trading rules","Occupational exposure limits","Food and beverage gas standards","Carbon capture and storage regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Industrial uses; a natural atmospheric gas.","atmospheric carbon dioxide","liquid and solid carbon dioxide including dry ice","supercritical carbon dioxide","exotic phases such as amorphous carbonia","isotopically labelled carbon dioxide such as carbon-13 and oxygen-17 forms","dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonic acid"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1997: carbon dioxide","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Carbon dioxide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should atmospheric carbon dioxide and dry ice be separate primary entries?","How should climate and chemistry sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming phases and labelled forms; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1997/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1997/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T06:11:31Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}