{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","code":"thing-q199804","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q199804/","name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","alternateNames":["pulmonary emphysema","interstitial emphysema","compensatory emphysema","hyperlucent lung","bullous emphysema","mild COPD","Basanti pulao","recurrent airway obstruction","acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","mucus inspissation of respiratory tract"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chronic lung disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation associated with airway abnormalities, emphysema or both, which can progress over time; chronic bronchitis and emphysema may occur in different combinations, and neither chronic bronchitis nor alveolar destruction is present in every case; tobacco smoking is a major cause, with biomass smoke, occupational dusts and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency also contributing; airflow obstruction is graded from mild to very severe, and COPD-associated emphysema involves destructive enlargement of airspaces and may include bullae, whereas interstitial and compensatory emphysema are distinct conditions; hyperlucency may appear on imaging but is not specific to COPD; COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide, and management can include smoking cessation, inhalers, rehabilitation and oxygen when clinically indicated.","purpose":"Let an agent explain COPD and its forms in general terms from respiratory guidelines, describe causes, diagnosis, staging and treatment, identify exacerbation emergencies, and route personal questions to clinicians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Persistent airflow limitation","Smoking as main cause","GOLD staging","Exacerbations"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"help","name":"Help","description":"Urgent signs first.","layers":[{"id":"urgent","name":"Urgent","description":"Exacerbations.","findings":[{"id":"urgent-finding","name":"Urgent","description":"Urgent.","questions":[{"text":"Which signs, such as severe breathlessness, blue lips, confusion or chest pain, need emergency care?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the user describing such signs, which need emergency services now?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Getting assessed.","findings":[{"id":"care-finding","name":"Care","description":"Care.","questions":[{"text":"How is COPD diagnosed with spirometry and staged, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own breathing, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"The disease.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and forms.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is COPD, and how do chronic bronchitis and emphysema including bullous and other forms contribute?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about COPD, asthma or another lung disease?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"causes","name":"Causes","description":"Causes.","findings":[{"id":"causes-finding","name":"Causes","description":"Causes.","questions":[{"text":"What causes COPD, from smoking and biomass smoke to occupational dust and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific cause?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"treat","name":"Treat","description":"Treatment.","layers":[{"id":"treatment","name":"Treatment","description":"Treatment.","findings":[{"id":"treatment-finding","name":"Treatment","description":"Treatment.","questions":[{"text":"What treatments do guidelines recommend, from smoking cessation and inhalers to rehabilitation, oxygen and surgery, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"living","name":"Living","description":"Living with COPD.","findings":[{"id":"living-finding","name":"Living","description":"Living.","questions":[{"text":"What self-management, vaccination and support help people with COPD?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Epidemiology and research.","layers":[{"id":"epidemiology","name":"Epidemiology","description":"Epidemiology.","findings":[{"id":"epidemiology-finding","name":"Epidemiology","description":"Epidemiology.","questions":[{"text":"How common is COPD, and how does its burden vary worldwide?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits global respiratory health?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"What research addresses new treatments and early detection, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits respiratory research?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain COPD, its causes and general care from medical sources.","Urge urgent care for warning signs of an exacerbation.","Point people to stop-smoking and pulmonary rehabilitation services."],"mustNot":["Diagnose COPD in a specific person or rule it out.","Advise changes to inhalers, oxygen or other treatment for a person.","Confuse COPD with asthma in health advice.","Blame people with COPD for their illness."],"requiresHuman":["Any treatment or oxygen decision for a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["COPD is underdiagnosed, especially among poorer people and women.","Smoking-related stigma can deter people from seeking care."],"affectedParties":["People with COPD","Carers","Workers exposed to dust and fumes"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a disease belongs to no one; health services keep patient records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3508797","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"obstructive lung disease","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"tobacco smoking","type":"related","note":"in most cases"},{"target":"spirometry","type":"related","note":"with airflow limitation"},{"target":"GOLD","type":"related","note":"the Global Initiative for COPD"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","Wikidata: Q199804 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804)","ICD-11: CA22 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","MeSH: D029424 pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["people with COPD worldwide: about 390 million - estimates","deaths per year: about 3.2 million - WHO","diagnostic spirometry: FEV1/FVC below 0.7 criterion - post-bronchodilator"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["COPD is characterised by persistent airflow limitation.","Chronic bronchitis and destructive pulmonary emphysema, including bullous changes, may occur separately or together in COPD, while interstitial and compensatory emphysema are distinct conditions.","Hyperlucent lung is a nonspecific imaging finding, and airflow obstruction in COPD ranges from mild to very severe.","Asthma, bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease are distinct conditions that may overlap clinically with COPD.","Not a visible object; breathlessness, cough and sputum."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the disease and forms","relay causes, diagnosis and staging","relay treatment","route emergencies and personal questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Missed exacerbations and respiratory failure","Agents giving personal medical advice","Underdiagnosis","Confusing COPD with asthma"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["GOLD strategy reports and national COPD guidelines","Tobacco control laws","Occupational dust exposure limits","Home oxygen prescribing rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a disease.","chronic bronchitis","pulmonary emphysema including bullous emphysema","interstitial and compensatory emphysema as related radiological entities","mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD by GOLD grade","alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency COPD","COPD from biomass smoke and occupational exposure"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q199804: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should emphysema and chronic bronchitis be separate primary entries?","How should GOLD and national guidelines be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming emphysema variants and radiological signs; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q199804/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q199804/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T04:34:00Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}