{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.female-genital-mutilation","code":"thing-q208373","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q208373/","name":"female genital mutilation","alternateNames":["female genital mutilation in the Gambia","clitoris excision","infibulation","clitoridectomy","clitoral hood reduction","Female genital mutilation in the UK","female genital mutilation in the United States","female genital cutting in Sierra Leone","female genital mutilation in New Zealand","female genital mutilation in Nigeria","female genital mutilation in India","female genital mutilation in Indonesia"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"All procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons, classified by WHO into Type 1 clitoridectomy, Type 2 excision, Type 3 infibulation and Type 4 other harmful procedures, practised in parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia and in diaspora communities, with WHO and UNICEF estimating over 230 million women and girls alive having undergone it; it causes serious short and long-term harm, is recognised internationally as a human rights violation, and is illegal in many countries including the United Kingdom and the Gambia. The registry alias clitoral hood reduction usually denotes a cosmetic surgical procedure whose classification is debated.","purpose":"Let an agent explain female genital mutilation factually and respectfully, relay WHO classification, health consequences, prevalence, law and prevention from WHO, UNICEF and legal sources, route any girl or woman at risk to police, child protection services and FGM helplines, support survivors to specialist clinics without judgement, and never provide procedural detail or facilitation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["No health benefit","Serious harms","Human rights violation","Illegal in many countries"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What FGM is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is female genital mutilation, and how do the WHO types differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a girl or woman at risk now, in which case contact police, child protection or an FGM helpline immediately?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"terms","name":"Terms","description":"Named terms and contexts.","findings":[{"id":"terms-finding","name":"Terms","description":"Terms.","questions":[{"text":"What do clitoridectomy, excision and infibulation mean, how is FGM addressed in the Gambia and UK, and why is clitoral hood reduction debated?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific context?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Health consequences.","layers":[{"id":"harms","name":"Harms","description":"Harms.","findings":[{"id":"harms-finding","name":"Harms","description":"Harms.","questions":[{"text":"What short and long-term health harms does WHO describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Survivor care.","findings":[{"id":"care-finding","name":"Care","description":"Care.","questions":[{"text":"What specialist care, including deinfibulation and psychological support, is available to survivors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Law and prevention.","layers":[{"id":"laws","name":"Laws","description":"Laws.","findings":[{"id":"laws-finding","name":"Laws","description":"Laws.","questions":[{"text":"How do national laws prohibit FGM, including protection orders and mandatory reporting in the UK?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"prevention","name":"Prevention","description":"Prevention.","findings":[{"id":"prevention-finding","name":"Prevention","description":"Prevention.","questions":[{"text":"What community-led prevention approaches do UNICEF and survivor advocates describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on FGM?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Prevalence and advocacy.","layers":[{"id":"prevalence","name":"Prevalence","description":"Prevalence.","findings":[{"id":"prevalence-finding","name":"Prevalence","description":"Prevalence.","questions":[{"text":"How is prevalence measured, and how is it changing, checked against current sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Demographic and Health Surveys?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"advocacy","name":"Advocacy","description":"Survivor advocacy.","findings":[{"id":"advocacy-finding","name":"Advocacy","description":"Advocacy.","questions":[{"text":"Which survivor-led organisations campaign against FGM?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain female genital mutilation factually, relaying the WHO classification, health consequences and prevalence.","Point survivors and girls at risk to specialist support services and child protection.","Describe laws and international efforts against the practice."],"mustNot":["Provide any procedural detail or help anyone carry out, arrange or conceal the practice.","Present the practice as acceptable or as a medical procedure.","Stigmatise survivors or blame whole ethnic or religious groups.","Disclose that a named person has undergone it without her consent."],"requiresHuman":["Reporting a girl believed to be at imminent risk to child protection or police."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The practice causes lifelong physical and psychological harm to girls and women.","Survivors deserve dignity, privacy and care, not shame."],"affectedParties":["Girls at risk","Survivors","Affected communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: it is a human rights violation; governments and child protection bodies act against it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q132153216","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q193078","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3309852","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q4366482","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"harmful cultural practice","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"World Health Organization","type":"related","note":"classification and guidance"},{"target":"human rights","type":"related"},{"target":"labiaplasty","type":"related","note":"cosmetic surgery, debated classification"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.female-genital-mutilation","Wikidata: Q208373 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208373)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["women and girls affected: over 230 million people - WHO and UNICEF 2024 estimate","International Day of Zero Tolerance: February 6 date","UK Female Genital Mutilation Act: 2003 year","Gambia ban: 2015 year - upheld in 2024 after a repeal attempt"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Non-medical injury or removal of female genitalia","Clitoridectomy, clitoris excision, infibulation, FGM in the Gambia, FGM in the UK, clitoral hood reduction","Consensual adult cosmetic genital surgery is regulated separately and debated; intersex surgeries raise distinct issues; male circumcision is a separate topic","Not a visible object; a harmful practice."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classification and harms","relay law and prevention","route people at risk to protection services","point survivors to specialist care"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Procedural detail or facilitation, which is out of scope","Stigmatising survivors or whole communities","Missing a girl at imminent risk"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["WHO guidelines on management of complications","UN General Assembly resolutions on FGM","National laws such as the UK FGM Act 2003 and the Gambia Women s Amendment Act 2015","Maputo Protocol"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a harmful practice and human rights violation.","Type 1 clitoridectomy","Type 2 excision","Type 3 infibulation","Type 4 other harmful procedures","national legal and prevalence contexts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q208373: female genital mutilation","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208373","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Female genital mutilation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should national contexts be separate entries?","How should WHO and UNICEF data be linked and kept current?","How should the classification of cosmetic procedures such as clitoral hood reduction be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q208373/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q208373/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T19:53:26Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}