{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.drill-press","code":"thing-q2211295","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2211295/","name":"drill press","alternateNames":["rail drilling machine"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A drill press is a stationary machine tool that rotates a drill or other suitable cutting tool in a spindle and feeds it axially into a supported workpiece to produce or finish holes.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a drill press, assess its recorded condition and suitability for a drilling task, and identify the constraints on its use.","scope":{"in":["Drill-press identity, variants, and boundaries with adjacent machine kinds","Spindle rotation, axial feed, supporting structure, and work-support arrangements","Tool interfaces, drilling envelope, speed selection, and rated capacity","Controls, power states, guarding, and workpiece restraint","Condition, maintenance requirements, and evidence of applicable conformity"],"out":["Handheld power drills and their independent product models","Milling machines and machining centres as distinct machine kinds","Drill-bit geometry, manufacture, and material specifications","Workpiece designs, material models, and finished-hole acceptance specifications","Workshop-wide electrical distribution and occupational safety programmes","Manufacturer product catalogues and individual machine asset histories as independent records"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A supporting machine structure locates the spindle relative to a workpiece; an operator does not normally support and aim the whole machine by hand.","A guided feed mechanism advances the rotating tool along the spindle axis, distinguishing drilling feed from freehand tool movement.","Its primary operation is axial hole-making; a table that can position a workpiece does not by itself establish suitability for milling or sustained lateral cutting loads.","The work support may be a table, base, fixture, or attachment to the workpiece; a conventional pedestal and table are common recognition features but require boundary checks before being treated as universal.","It is a machine kind whose bench, floor, and other candidate variants must be distinguished from a manufacturer's model designation or a particular installed unit."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity-and-machine-boundary","name":"Identity and machine boundary","description":"Establishes what makes the registered kind a drill press and how its variants relate to neighbouring machines.","layers":[{"id":"recognition","name":"Recognition","description":"Identifies the supported spindle and guided drilling feed.","findings":[{"id":"supported-axial-drilling","name":"Supported axial drilling","description":"Record how the structure locates the rotating spindle and guides tool advance relative to the workpiece.","questions":[{"text":"Which structural and feed features establish that this is a drill press?","id":"supported-axial-drilling-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What distinguishes this configuration from a handheld drill placed in an accessory stand?","id":"supported-axial-drilling-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"variants-and-neighbours","name":"Variants and neighbours","description":"Separates kind membership from product identity and adjacent machine capabilities.","findings":[{"id":"configuration-and-capability-boundary","name":"Configuration and capability boundary","description":"Record the configuration and the evidence supporting inclusion, without assuming that positioning features authorise milling.","questions":[{"text":"Which configurations belong under this registry entry, and which already have authoritative neighbouring entries?","id":"configuration-and-capability-boundary-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which manufacturer document identifies this machine and its intended operations?","id":"configuration-and-capability-boundary-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"spindle-drive-and-feed","name":"Spindle drive and feed","description":"Describes how rotational power and axial motion reach the cutting tool.","layers":[{"id":"rotation-and-transmission","name":"Rotation and transmission","description":"Captures the motor, transmission, speed settings, and supported direction of rotation.","findings":[{"id":"available-spindle-motion","name":"Available spindle motion","description":"Record the available speed settings and their selection mechanism, distinguishing indicated settings from measured performance.","questions":[{"text":"What spindle speeds in r/min are documented, and how are they selected?","id":"available-spindle-motion-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What machine state does the manufacturer require before changing the speed setting?","id":"available-spindle-motion-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"feed-and-retention","name":"Feed and retention","description":"Captures axial travel, feed controls, return behaviour, depth stops, and tool attachment.","findings":[{"id":"controlled-tool-advance","name":"Controlled tool advance","description":"Record the feed mechanism and retention chain from spindle to cutting tool, including limits and observed defects.","questions":[{"text":"What usable feed travel, depth-stop range, and return behaviour are documented or measured?","id":"controlled-tool-advance-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which spindle, arbor, and chuck interfaces must match to retain the proposed tool?","id":"controlled-tool-advance-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"drilling-envelope-and-workholding","name":"Drilling envelope and workholding","description":"Relates machine geometry and conditional capacity to a restrained workpiece and installed tool.","layers":[{"id":"reach-and-capacity","name":"Reach and capacity","description":"Separates geometric access, feed depth, chuck range, and material-dependent drilling capacity.","findings":[{"id":"task-fit","name":"Task fit","description":"Assess the complete tool-fixture-workpiece arrangement against measured clearances and documented ratings.","questions":[{"text":"What throat distance, feed travel, and clearance remain with the intended tool and fixture installed?","id":"task-fit-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"For which work materials and tooling does the stated maximum drilling diameter apply?","id":"task-fit-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"support-and-restraint","name":"Support and restraint","description":"Captures table or base support, adjustment locks, fixtures, and resistance to workpiece rotation or lift.","findings":[{"id":"restrained-drilling-setup","name":"Restrained drilling setup","description":"Record how the setup supports the workpiece and resists drilling forces, including breakthrough and tool-grab scenarios.","questions":[{"text":"How are the workpiece and fixture restrained against rotation and lifting?","id":"restrained-drilling-setup-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which support adjustments, locks, and load limits govern this setup?","id":"restrained-drilling-setup-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"controls-and-protective-measures","name":"Controls and protective measures","description":"Captures drill-press operating states and protections against rotating-tool, transmission, and chip hazards.","layers":[{"id":"power-and-stopping","name":"Power and stopping","description":"Distinguishes starting, stopping, coast-down, unexpected restart prevention, and energy isolation.","findings":[{"id":"verified-control-behaviour","name":"Verified control behaviour","description":"Record the fitted controls and verified state transitions; a stopped spindle does not by itself establish isolation.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes the behaviour of start, stop, and power-restoration controls?","id":"verified-control-behaviour-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What documented isolation procedure applies before tool changes or maintenance?","id":"verified-control-behaviour-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"guarding-and-conformity","name":"Guarding and conformity","description":"Links fitted protective measures to the machine's documentation and applicable requirements.","findings":[{"id":"documented-protection","name":"Documented protection","description":"Record spindle and transmission guarding, any interlocks, and conformity evidence without treating a mark as proof of present condition.","questions":[{"text":"Which guards or interlocks are specified for this design, and what is their verified condition?","id":"documented-protection-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which standards, issuing bodies, editions, declarations, or certification records apply to this machine and jurisdiction?","id":"documented-protection-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"condition-and-serviceability","name":"Condition and serviceability","description":"Connects mechanical condition, drilling performance, and service requirements.","layers":[{"id":"accuracy-and-fault-symptoms","name":"Accuracy and fault symptoms","description":"Captures spindle runout, quill play, alignment, vibration, and retention symptoms with their measurement context.","findings":[{"id":"condition-evidence","name":"Condition evidence","description":"Distinguish observations from diagnoses and separate machine defects from tool, fixture, or workpiece effects.","questions":[{"text":"Where and under what conditions were runout, play, and spindle-to-table alignment measured?","id":"condition-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence separates machine faults from blunt tooling, poor restraint, or unsuitable cutting conditions?","id":"condition-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"maintenance-and-return-to-use","name":"Maintenance and return to use","description":"Tracks design-specific service needs and evidence required after intervention.","findings":[{"id":"service-requirements","name":"Service requirements","description":"Record applicable belt, bearing, lubrication, return-mechanism, and tool-retention maintenance requirements from the machine documentation.","questions":[{"text":"Which inspections, consumables, and replacement criteria does the manufacturer specify?","id":"service-requirements-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which checks must be completed before returning this drill press to its intended service?","id":"service-requirements-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of drill press this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Operate a drill press the agent is authorized to use, with guards in place.","Assess documented compliance with applicable machine-safety requirements.","Report damaged belts, guards or switches to the workshop supervisor."],"mustNot":["Run the drill without guards or with the workpiece held only by hand.","Let a person operate it with loose clothing, gloves near the spindle or untied long hair.","Leave the machine running unattended.","Bypass emergency stops or interlocks."],"requiresHuman":["A human must decide whether a trainee may use the machine unsupervised."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rotating spindles can catch hair and clothing and cause serious injury."],"affectedParties":["Operators","Trainees and students","Others in the workshop"]},"owners":{"steward":"The workshop owner or employer responsible for machine safety.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q116176105","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q58964","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.drill-press","Wikidata: Q2211295 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211295)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mounting and structural configuration: bench-mounted; floor-standing; other configuration requiring boundary review","Spindle-axis orientation: fixed vertical; adjustable; other documented orientation","Throat distance: mm; spindle-axis-to-column distance with measurement convention recorded","Available axial feed travel: mm","Tool-to-work-support clearance: mm; tool, spindle position, and support position specified","Selectable spindle speeds: r/min; discrete settings or continuous range","Feed mechanism: manual; powered; combined; mechanism and supported modes recorded","Spindle and tool-retention interfaces: documented spindle taper or interface, chuck, arbor, and compatible tooling","Rated drilling capacity: mm hole diameter with specified material, tooling, and rating source","Power requirements: V, phase count, Hz, and kW where applicable; input and output ratings distinguished","Operational readiness: unassessed; ready for specified task; restricted; isolated for maintenance; out of service","Guard and protective-control condition: present and verified; present but unverified; defective; absent; applicability unresolved"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A vertical drilling machine on a column with a table and a hand-lever feed.","Bench-mounted or floor-standing with a belt housing on top."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a candidate machine and flag uncertain boundaries with portable drilling systems or milling machines.","Compare a proposed hole-making task with the documented drilling envelope, speed settings, and conditional capacity.","Check compatibility among the spindle, arbor, chuck, cutting tool, fixture, and workpiece.","Identify missing evidence that prevents a readiness decision, including restraint, guarding, or control checks.","Associate observed drilling defects and mechanical symptoms with inspection or maintenance needs.","Determine which manufacturer-authorised operations and adjustments are supported by the available documentation."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Workpieces can spin and strike the operator if not clamped.","Entanglement in the spindle can cause severe injuries."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery, European Union."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A drill press is used in workshops, factories and training facilities to make holes in supported workpieces.","Its fixed spindle and adjustable table support controlled hole placement, depth and alignment, including drilling perpendicular to a workpiece surface."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2211295: drill press","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211295","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Drill press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_press","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend drill press to include magnetic-base, radial-arm, gang, and drill-stand configurations, or are these covered by neighbouring entries?","Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns this concept and should provide the authoritative model?","Which current standards and conformity requirements apply across intended jurisdictions, machine ages, and manual versus powered-feed configurations?","What defensible capacity and dimensional ranges describe the principal variants, and how do manufacturers define swing, clearance, and drilling capacity?","Which manufacturer-supported tolerances and inspection methods can ground condition decisions without inventing universal limits for runout, quill play, or alignment?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2211295/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2211295/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:19:37Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}