{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.petroleum","code":"thing-q22656","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q22656/","name":"petroleum","alternateNames":["unconventional oil","Biogenic origin of oil","incompressible petroleum (serves Ukrainian wiki)","viscous petroleum","petroleum in Algeria","petroleum in Saudi Arabia","abiogenic petroleum origin","dependence on oil","crude oil","tight oil","Mesa","benchmark"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A naturally occurring liquid mixture of hydrocarbons found in geological formations, formed from buried organic matter over millions of years, extracted by drilling and refined into fuels and petrochemicals, including conventional crude, viscous and heavy oils and unconventional oil from oil sands and shale; petroleum is the world s largest traded commodity, with major producers such as Saudi Arabia and Algeria, and its use is central to climate policy debates.","purpose":"Let an agent explain petroleum and its origin, relay extraction, refining, trade and environmental impacts from geological, industry and policy sources with attribution, describe conventional and unconventional oil and national production, and distinguish petroleum from natural gas, refined products and other oils, presenting geopolitical topics neutrally.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Fossil origin","Hydrocarbon mixture","Global commodity","Climate significance"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What petroleum is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is petroleum, and how does it differ from natural gas, refined products and other oils?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about geology, industry, trade, policy or a country?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What are light, heavy, viscous and unconventional oils?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Origin and geology.","layers":[{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Origin.","findings":[{"id":"origin-finding","name":"Origin","description":"Origin.","questions":[{"text":"How does the biogenic origin theory explain petroleum, and how do geologists assess abiogenic claims, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"reservoirs","name":"Reservoirs","description":"Reservoirs.","findings":[{"id":"reservoirs-finding","name":"Reservoirs","description":"Reservoirs.","questions":[{"text":"How do source rocks, reservoirs and traps form oil fields?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Industry and trade.","layers":[{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is petroleum extracted, refined and traded, and what roles do producers such as Saudi Arabia and Algeria play?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral on geopolitics?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"markets","name":"Markets","description":"Markets.","findings":[{"id":"markets-finding","name":"Markets","description":"Markets.","questions":[{"text":"How are oil prices and markets structured, including OPEC?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits oil market?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Environment and history.","layers":[{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Environment and climate.","findings":[{"id":"environment-finding","name":"Environment","description":"Environment.","questions":[{"text":"What are the environmental and climate impacts, and what policies are debated, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits climate change mitigation?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the petroleum industry develop from 1859 to today?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of the petroleum industry?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain petroleum geology, extraction routes and refining products from technical sources.","Report production, reserve and price figures with their source and date."],"mustNot":["Present the abiogenic origin hypothesis as accepted science.","Take a side in climate or oil geopolitics debates as if settled.","Conceal or understate a spill, flaring or contamination record.","Help evade sanctions or falsify the origin of a cargo."],"requiresHuman":["Reporting a spill or contamination to authorities and affected communities.","Decisions about drilling, flaring or shipping consignments."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Spills devastate fisheries, farmland and the communities that live on them.","Oil wealth has fuelled conflict and corruption in producing regions."],"affectedParties":["Communities near extraction and refining","Fishers and farmers after spills","Future generations"]},"owners":{"steward":"The state that owns the resource in most jurisdictions; the licensed operator answers for each field.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National petroleum licensing registers","Reserve and production statistics"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q12748","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q15727343","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q42962","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"fossil fuel","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"oil","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"hydrocarbon","type":"related","note":"mixtures"},{"target":"gasoline","type":"related","note":"and other products"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.petroleum","Wikidata: Q22656 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656)","CAS: 8002-05-9 petroleum"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["world production: about 100 million barrels per day - 2020s","API gravity: about 10-50 degrees - heavy to light","first modern well: 1859 year - Titusville, Pennsylvania"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Naturally occurring hydrocarbon liquid","Conventional crude, viscous petroleum, unconventional oil, petroleum in Saudi Arabia and Algeria","Natural gas is gaseous; refined products are made from crude; vegetable oils are unrelated","A dark, viscous liquid ranging from light and thin to heavy and tar-like."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain origin and composition","relay extraction, refining and trade","describe kinds and producers","distinguish related substances"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Spills, fires and pollution","Partisan framing of climate and geopolitical debates","Registry aliases naming an origin hypothesis and national topics"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["OPEC and national production policies","Environmental and emissions regulation","Crude oil grading standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fuel and chemical feedstock.","light and heavy conventional crude","viscous and extra-heavy oil","unconventional oil from oil sands and tight formations","petroleum by producing region such as Saudi Arabia and Algeria","refined petroleum products"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q22656: petroleum","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Petroleum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should unconventional oil and national petroleum industries be separate primary entries?","How should geological and policy sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming an origin theory and national industries; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q22656/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q22656/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T14:49:35Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:57+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}