{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ancient-art","code":"thing-q2277510","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2277510/","name":"ancient art","alternateNames":["antiquities","Achaemenid art","Parthian art","Sassanid art","Median art","art of Elam","Hittite art","Illyrian art","Commagene art","Meroitic art","Aramaic art","classical arts and culture"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The art of ancient civilisations from the beginning of writing to the early medieval period, including Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Iranian, Greek, Roman, Chinese, Indian and Mesoamerican traditions, surviving as sculpture, architecture, painting, ceramics, metalwork and other objects; the registry entry gathers aliases for the arts of ancient Iran, from Elamite and Median through Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian art, and for antiquities as collected objects.","purpose":"Let an agent describe ancient art as a field, identify major traditions and periods with attribution to art historians and archaeologists, relay museum and heritage information, and address the ethics and law of antiquities collecting.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Pre-medieval date","Regional traditions","Archaeological context","Subject of antiquities law"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What tradition this is.","layers":[{"id":"tradition","name":"Tradition","description":"Tradition and period.","findings":[{"id":"tradition-finding","name":"Tradition","description":"Tradition.","questions":[{"text":"Which ancient tradition and period does a work belong to, and how is that determined?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the work ancient, prehistoric or medieval?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"iran","name":"Iran","description":"Ancient Iranian art.","findings":[{"id":"iran-finding","name":"Iran","description":"Iran.","questions":[{"text":"What characterises Elamite, Median, Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian art, as scholars describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific period?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"interpret","name":"Interpret","description":"Interpretation.","layers":[{"id":"meaning","name":"Meaning","description":"Meaning and function.","findings":[{"id":"meaning-finding","name":"Meaning","description":"Meaning.","questions":[{"text":"How do art historians and archaeologists interpret the function and meaning of ancient works, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation attributed and neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","questions":[{"text":"What methods date, attribute and analyse ancient art?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"heritage","name":"Heritage","description":"Collections and law.","layers":[{"id":"museums","name":"Museums","description":"Museums and sites.","findings":[{"id":"museums-finding","name":"Museums","description":"Museums.","questions":[{"text":"Where are major collections and sites, and how are they documented?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific museum or site?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Antiquities law and ethics.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"What laws and ethical debates govern collecting, provenance and restitution, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about a specific object, which needs provenance research and legal advice?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Historiography and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"historiography","name":"Historiography","description":"Historiography.","findings":[{"id":"historiography-finding","name":"Historiography","description":"Historiography.","questions":[{"text":"How has the study of ancient art developed, and how have global perspectives changed it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of art history?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How is ancient art taught, and which surveys are standard?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe an ancient artwork's culture, date and attribution with sources.","Note where attribution or dating is disputed.","Check provenance records of ancient art offered for sale against loss registers."],"mustNot":["Help trade, value or move ancient art without lawful provenance.","Present a forgery or unverified object as authentic.","Use ancient art to support nationalist or Eurocentric claims beyond the evidence.","Present contested attributions as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Authenticating, valuing or recommending acquisition of an ancient object.","Supporting or opposing a repatriation claim."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Looting destroys archaeological context and strips communities of their heritage.","Ancient art is claimed by several modern nations; framing can take sides unfairly."],"affectedParties":["Source countries and communities","Museums and collectors","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The museum, state or owner that holds each object; source states may claim cultural property.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Stolen art and cultural property databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q735","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"art","type":"related","note":"by period"},{"target":"art history","type":"related","note":"and archaeology"},{"target":"prehistoric art","type":"related","note":"before writing"},{"target":"medieval art","type":"related","note":"in Europe and the Near East"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ancient-art","Wikidata: Q2277510 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277510)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["period: about 3000 BC to AD 500 years - varies by region"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Art from ancient civilisations","Traditions by region and period","Prehistoric art predates writing; medieval art follows","Objects and monuments from antiquity: statues, reliefs, vessels, jewellery, wall paintings and buildings."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify traditions and periods","relay interpretation with attribution","relay museum and heritage information","address antiquities law and ethics"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Looting and illicit trade","Forgeries","Eurocentric or nationalist framing","Presenting contested attributions as settled"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UNESCO 1970 Convention on illicit trade in cultural property","National antiquities and export laws","Museum acquisition and provenance policies","Heritage protection of sites"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a field of art history and heritage.","Mesopotamian and Egyptian art","ancient Iranian art: Elamite, Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, Sasanian","Greek and Roman art","ancient Chinese, Indian and Southeast Asian art","Mesoamerican and Andean art","antiquities as collected objects"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2277510: ancient art","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277510","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ancient art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_art","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each regional tradition be a separate entry?","How should museum collections be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases for Iranian art periods and for antiquities; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2277510/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2277510/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:24:12Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:57+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}