{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta","code":"thing-q227997","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q227997/","name":"Colocasia esculenta","alternateNames":["Ajima imo"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, a herbaceous perennial of the arum family (Araceae) grown for its starchy corms and cormels (modified stems) and edible leaves and leaf stalks; raw parts are acrid because of calcium oxalate and need appropriate preparation and thorough cooking.","purpose":"Let an agent describe taro as a crop and food, its cultivation and food safety, and point to botanical and agricultural sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Leaves are peltate: the stalk joins the leaf blade away from the edge, unlike many Xanthosoma (tannia).","Raw corms and leaves irritate the mouth because of calcium oxalate.","Grown in flooded (paddy) or upland conditions."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"taxon","name":"Taxon","description":"Which plant.","layers":[{"id":"species","name":"Species","description":"Name and authority.","findings":[{"id":"taxon","name":"Taxon","description":"Name and source.","questions":[{"text":"Which name and authority are accepted?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"By which database?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"cultivar","name":"Cultivar","description":"Type.","findings":[{"id":"cultivar","name":"Cultivar","description":"Name and type.","questions":[{"text":"Which cultivar or type is it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Dasheen or eddoe?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"cultivation","name":"Cultivation","description":"Growing.","layers":[{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Wet or upland.","findings":[{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Water and climate.","questions":[{"text":"Is it grown flooded or upland?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which climate?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"diseases","name":"Diseases","description":"Leaf blight and others.","findings":[{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Name and control.","questions":[{"text":"Which diseases affect it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which controls are used?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"food","name":"Food","description":"Preparation and nutrition.","layers":[{"id":"preparation","name":"Preparation","description":"Cooking.","findings":[{"id":"preparation","name":"Preparation","description":"Preparation that removes acridity: thorough cooking, discarding cooking water, per food safety sources; leaves and petioles also need cooking.","questions":[{"text":"How must it be prepared to be safe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which parts are eaten?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"nutrition","name":"Nutrition","description":"Composition.","findings":[{"id":"nutrition-data","name":"Nutrition data","description":"Values and source.","questions":[{"text":"What is its nutrient content?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"From which database?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"ecology","name":"Ecology","description":"Range and invasiveness.","layers":[{"id":"range","name":"Range","description":"Native and introduced.","findings":[{"id":"range","name":"Range","description":"Areas.","questions":[{"text":"Where is it native and introduced?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Since when?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"invasiveness","name":"Invasiveness","description":"Status.","findings":[{"id":"invasive-status","name":"Invasive status","description":"Region and listing.","questions":[{"text":"Is it listed as invasive here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"By which authority?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["describe the plant, cultivation and safe preparation"],"mustNot":["advise eating raw taro"],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":["food security","invasive species"],"affectedParties":["farmers","consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a plant species","roles":[],"masterSystems":["GBIF","Plants of the World Online"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11992872","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q138848994","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Colocasia","type":"related","note":"genus"},{"target":"Xanthosoma","type":"related","note":"tannia, related aroid"},{"target":"root vegetable","type":"related","note":"food"},{"target":"taro leaf blight","type":"related","note":"disease"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta","Wikidata: Q227997 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227997)","NCBI Taxonomy: 4460 Colocasia esculenta"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["plant height: about 1-2 m","leaf length: up to about 60 cm"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Large peltate, heart-shaped leaves","Brown, hairy corms with white to purple flesh","A herbaceous plant with large heart-shaped leaves on long stalks and underground corms."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe the plant and cultivars","explain safe preparation in general terms","describe cultivation and diseases","give nutrition data from databases"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mouth and throat irritation from raw taro","Taro leaf blight (Phytophthora colocasiae)","Invasiveness in some wetlands"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Plant health rules on imports of taro corms, by jurisdiction","Food safety guidance on preparation of taro"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A staple root crop in the tropics and Pacific; leaves and stems are also eaten.","dasheen types (large central corm)","eddoe types (many small cormels)","Japanese taro (satoimo), with many cultivars"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q227997","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227997","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Taro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott","url":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A1170772-2/general-information","note":"Accepted name, authority, family, perennial habit, morphology, range and edible petioles."},{"title":"Taxonomy Browser: Colocasia esculenta","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=4460&log_op=modifier_toggle&lvl=3&mod=1&mode=Info","note":"Taxonomy identifier 4460, botanical authority and family."},{"title":"Taro: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines","url":"https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/VC-5.pdf","note":"Starchy corms, edible leaves and petioles, acridity and preparation requirements."},{"title":"Pacific Food Guide: Taro","url":"https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ctahr/pacificfoodguide/index.php/grown-from-the-ground/taro/","note":"Raw-taro hazards and possible persistence of acridity after cooking."},{"title":"Taro, Satoimo, corm, raw","url":"https://fooddb.mext.go.jp/details/details.pl?ITEM_NO=2_02010_7","note":"Satoimo as a food/common name for Colocasia esculenta, rather than one cultivar."},{"title":"Colocasia esculenta - Wild taro","url":"","note":"Peltate leaves, approximate dimensions, corms, vegetative spread and wetland invasiveness."}],"openQuestions":[],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q227997/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q227997/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-21T20:57:11Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-21T21:12:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 5 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}