{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.trypanosomiasis","code":"thing-q2443552","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2443552/","name":"trypanosomiasis","alternateNames":["surra","animal trypanosomiasis","mal de caderas","covering sickness","bovine trypanosomiasis","Human trypanosomiasis"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.STA"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A group of diseases of humans and animals caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, including human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness transmitted by tsetse flies, American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease transmitted by triatomine bugs, and animal trypanosomiases such as nagana or bovine trypanosomiasis in Africa, surra transmitted by biting flies across Asia, Africa and Latin America, mal de caderas of horses in South America and dourine or covering sickness transmitted sexually in horses; these diseases cause major human suffering and livestock losses and are targeted by control and elimination programmes.","purpose":"Let an agent explain trypanosomiasis and its human and animal forms in neutral clinical terms, relay transmission, diagnosis, treatment and control from public health and veterinary sources, describe elimination progress, and route suspected human cases and animal outbreaks to clinicians, veterinarians and authorities.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Trypanosoma parasites","Insect vectors","Human and animal forms","Elimination targets"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"help","name":"Help","description":"Suspected cases first.","layers":[{"id":"human","name":"Human","description":"Human symptoms.","findings":[{"id":"human-finding","name":"Human","description":"Human.","questions":[{"text":"Why do fever, swelling at a bite site, or neurological or heart symptoms after exposure in endemic areas need prompt medical assessment?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the user describing their own symptoms or exposure, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"animal","name":"Animal","description":"Animal outbreaks.","findings":[{"id":"animal-finding","name":"Animal","description":"Animal.","questions":[{"text":"Why do wasting, anaemia or breeding disease in livestock and horses need a veterinarian and, for notifiable diseases, the authorities?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the user describing sick animals, which needs a veterinarian?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"The diseases.","layers":[{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"How do sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, nagana, surra, mal de caderas and dourine differ in parasite, host and transmission?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a human or animal trypanosomiasis or a related parasitic disease?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"parasites","name":"Parasites","description":"Parasites and vectors.","findings":[{"id":"parasites-finding","name":"Parasites","description":"Parasites.","questions":[{"text":"How do Trypanosoma species live in hosts and vectors, and how are they transmitted?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific species?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Diagnosis and treatment.","layers":[{"id":"diagnosis","name":"Diagnosis","description":"Diagnosis.","findings":[{"id":"diagnosis-finding","name":"Diagnosis","description":"Diagnosis.","questions":[{"text":"How are trypanosomiases diagnosed by microscopy, serology and molecular tests?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"treatment","name":"Treatment","description":"Treatment.","findings":[{"id":"treatment-finding","name":"Treatment","description":"Treatment.","questions":[{"text":"What treatments exist, including fexinidazole for sleeping sickness and benznidazole for Chagas, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Control and history.","layers":[{"id":"control","name":"Control","description":"Control and elimination.","findings":[{"id":"control-finding","name":"Control","description":"Control.","questions":[{"text":"How are vector control, screening and treatment driving elimination of sleeping sickness, with progress attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits tsetse control?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were trypanosomes discovered by Bruce, Chagas and others, and how did the diseases shape African and Latin American history?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of tropical medicine?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the kinds of trypanosomiasis in humans and animals and how they are spread in general terms.","Point people to clinicians, veterinarians and national control programmes."],"mustNot":["Diagnose or treat trypanosomiasis in a particular person or animal.","Confuse human and animal forms.","Stigmatize people or regions affected by sleeping sickness or Chagas disease.","Recommend unapproved treatments or insecticides."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision on diagnosis or treatment of a person or animal."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["These diseases mainly affect poor rural people, and neglect of them is a matter of justice.","Chronic Chagas disease is often found late; access to testing matters."],"affectedParties":["People in affected regions","Livestock keepers","Migrants with undiagnosed Chagas"]},"owners":{"steward":"The treating clinician or veterinarian; health ministries run control programmes.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q353172","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"parasitic protozoa infectious disease","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Trypanosoma","type":"related","note":"parasites"},{"target":"tsetse fly","type":"related","note":"in African forms"},{"target":"neglected tropical disease programmes","type":"related","note":"of the WHO"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.trypanosomiasis","Wikidata: Q2443552 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443552)","ICD-11: 1F51 and 1F53 African and American trypanosomiasis","MeSH: D014352 trypanosomiasis"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["sleeping sickness cases: under 1000 per year - recent WHO reports","Chagas disease infected: about 6-7 million - estimates","main vectors: tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, tabanid flies list"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Diseases caused by Trypanosoma parasites","Sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, nagana and bovine trypanosomiasis, surra, mal de caderas, covering sickness or dourine","Leishmaniasis is caused by related parasites; malaria is caused by Plasmodium","Not a visible object; parasites in blood seen under a microscope."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms and transmission","relay diagnosis and treatment","describe control and elimination","route to clinicians and veterinarians"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal medical or veterinary advice","Late diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease","Confusing human and animal forms"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["WHO guidelines on sleeping sickness and Chagas disease","WOAH listed animal diseases including dourine and surra","Blood donation screening for Chagas in endemic and migrant populations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a disease group.","human African trypanosomiasis caused by T. brucei gambiense and rhodesiense","American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease caused by T. cruzi","nagana or animal African trypanosomiasis including bovine trypanosomiasis","surra caused by T. evansi","mal de caderas in horses","dourine or covering sickness caused by T. equiperdum"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and surra be separate primary entries?","How should public health and veterinary sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct human and animal diseases; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2443552/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2443552/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T06:52:40Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.938}}