{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.helium-planet","code":"thing-q2446093","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2446093/","name":"helium planet","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.SPC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A hypothetical type of planet with a helium-dominated atmosphere, proposed by researchers to form when lighter hydrogen escapes from the atmospheres of warm sub-Neptune planets over time, leaving helium enriched; helium planets have not been confirmed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain helium planets as a hypothesis, the atmospheric escape mechanism proposed and how observations might test it, with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Hypothetical","Helium-rich atmosphere","Formed by hydrogen escape","Testable by spectroscopy"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"hypothesis","name":"Hypothesis","description":"What is proposed.","layers":[{"id":"idea","name":"Idea","description":"Formation.","findings":[{"id":"idea-finding","name":"Idea","description":"Formation idea.","questions":[{"text":"How would preferential hydrogen escape leave a helium-rich atmosphere, according to the proposing authors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Over what timescale?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Evidence.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Evidential status.","questions":[{"text":"Has any helium planet been confirmed?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What evidence would be decisive?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"observations","name":"Observations","description":"Tests.","layers":[{"id":"spectra","name":"Spectra","description":"Atmospheric spectra.","findings":[{"id":"spectra-finding","name":"Spectra","description":"Atmospheric spectra.","questions":[{"text":"Which spectral signatures could reveal a helium-dominated atmosphere?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which telescopes can detect them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"escape","name":"Escape","description":"Observed escape.","findings":[{"id":"escape-finding","name":"Escape","description":"Observed helium escape.","questions":[{"text":"What do detections of escaping helium around exoplanets show?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do they support the hypothesis?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Planet populations.","layers":[{"id":"subneptunes","name":"Sub-Neptunes","description":"Population.","findings":[{"id":"subneptunes-finding","name":"Sub-Neptunes","description":"Sub-Neptunes.","questions":[{"text":"Why are sub-Neptunes common, and how might they evolve?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which surveys found them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"related","name":"Related","description":"Other hypotheses.","findings":[{"id":"related-finding","name":"Related","description":"Related hypotheses.","questions":[{"text":"How do helium planets relate to stripped cores and chthonian planets?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which is more likely for a given planet?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Explaining.","layers":[{"id":"explain","name":"Explain","description":"Plain language.","findings":[{"id":"explain-finding","name":"Explain","description":"Plain explanation.","questions":[{"text":"How can the helium planet idea be explained simply?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which caveats apply?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"sources","name":"Sources","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"sources-finding","name":"Sources","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"Which paper proposed helium planets, and how has it been cited?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are there critiques?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the helium planet hypothesis, attributing it to the researchers who proposed it.","Report observations relevant to the hypothesis with their uncertainty."],"mustNot":["Present helium planets as confirmed.","Present a candidate planet as a helium planet without published evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Announcing a planet as a helium planet in a public catalogue."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Overstated discoveries erode public trust in astronomy.","Correct attribution gives credit to the researchers who proposed the idea."],"affectedParties":["The public and students","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a hypothetical class of objects; the scientific community answers for its classification.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1974542","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"hypothetical planet","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"atmospheric escape","type":"related","note":"mechanism"},{"target":"Chthonian planet","type":"related","note":"related hypothesis"},{"target":"exoplanet science","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.helium-planet","Wikidata: Q2446093 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446093)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Planetary mass:  kilograms - Mass would be inferred from gravitational effects such as stellar radial velocity variations or transit timing variations, and no confirmed population establishes a typical range.","Planetary radius:  kilometers - Radius would be inferred from transit depth and stellar radius for a transiting candidate, and no confirmed population establishes a typical range.","Atmospheric helium mole fraction:  dimensionless - Helium abundance would be constrained through atmospheric spectroscopy and modeling, with substantial uncertainty from other atmospheric constituents."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hypothetical helium-dominated atmospheres","Proposed for warm sub-Neptunes","Helium escape has been detected in some exoplanets without implying helium planets","Not observed; would be sub-Neptune-sized planets with helium-rich atmospheres."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the helium planet hypothesis","describe atmospheric escape","summarise observational tests","find the original literature"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting a hypothesis as confirmed","Confusing helium detections with helium planets"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No specific regulation"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Exoplanet atmosphere science.","helium planet models","evaporating sub-Neptunes (related)","chthonian planets (related end state)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2446093: helium planet","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446093","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Helium planet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should atmospheric types be separate entries?","How should detection claims be tracked?","How should models be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2446093/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2446093/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T14:17:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}