{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.simple-substance","code":"thing-q2512777","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2512777/","name":"simple substance","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"","entryKind":"","plane":"","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A pure substance consisting of atoms of a single chemical element, such as iron, oxygen gas, diamond or germanene, as distinct from a compound of several elements, including allotropes such as dioxygen and ozone, diatomic halogens such as dichlorine and diiodine, and native element minerals such as gold and native copper; simple substances are the elemental forms studied in chemistry and mineralogy.","purpose":"Let an agent explain simple substances and how they differ from elements as concepts and from compounds, describe allotropes and native elements, and support chemistry learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Single element","Allotropy","Molecular or lattice forms","Native occurrence"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a simple substance is.","layers":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"Concept and distinctions.","findings":[{"id":"concept-finding","name":"Concept","description":"Concept.","questions":[{"text":"How does a simple substance differ from a chemical element as a concept and from a compound?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Why do some languages distinguish these terms more sharply?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"allotropes","name":"Allotropes","description":"Allotropes.","findings":[{"id":"allotropes-finding","name":"Allotropes","description":"Allotropes.","questions":[{"text":"What are allotropes, and how do forms such as diamond, graphite, dioxygen and ozone differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific allotrope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties and forms.","layers":[{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Molecular and lattice forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"Why do some elements exist as diatomic molecules and others as metallic or covalent lattices?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are two-dimensional forms such as graphene and germanene?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Hazards.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"Which simple substances are hazardous, such as halogens and alkali metals, and how are they handled safely?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is there a chemical emergency now?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"nature","name":"Nature","description":"In nature and industry.","layers":[{"id":"minerals","name":"Minerals","description":"Native elements.","findings":[{"id":"minerals-finding","name":"Minerals","description":"Minerals.","questions":[{"text":"Which elements occur natively as minerals, and how are they classified?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific native mineral?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Producing elements.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How are simple substances produced from ores and gases industrially?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits metallurgy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and history.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can the element versus simple substance distinction be taught?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the concept of simple substances develop from Lavoisier onward?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain the concept","distinguish from elements and compounds","describe allotropes and native minerals","support learning"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"pure substance","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"chemical element","type":"related","note":"the underlying concept"},{"target":"chemical compound","type":"related","note":"contrast"},{"target":"mineral","type":"related","note":"native element minerals"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Atoms of one element only","Allotropes and molecular forms","A compound contains two or more elements","Elemental materials such as metals, gases and crystals."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the concept","distinguish from elements and compounds","describe allotropes and native minerals","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing element and simple substance","Hazardous elemental forms such as halogens","Confusing allotropes"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IUPAC nomenclature","Safety data for hazardous simple substances","Mineral classification systems"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Elemental forms of matter.","metallic simple substances","diatomic gases and halogens","allotropes such as diamond and graphite","two-dimensional forms such as graphene and germanene","native element minerals"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should each allotrope be a separate entry?","How should safety data be linked?","How should mineral databases be linked?","Which entry fits a specific allotrope?","Which entry fits a specific native mineral?","Which entry fits metallurgy?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2512777/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2512777/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T23:44:46Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"missing","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.676}}