{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.celtic-languages","code":"thing-q25293","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q25293/","name":"Celtic languages","alternateNames":["Q-Celtic","Insular Celtic","Continental Celtic","P-Celtic","Cantabrian","Cisalpine Celtic","Gallo-Brittonic","Proto-Celtic","Gallaecian","Noric","Hispano-Celtic","Proto-Brythonic"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A branch of the Indo-European language family comprising Insular Celtic languages, the Goidelic Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx and the Brittonic Welsh, Breton and Cornish, and extinct Continental Celtic languages such as Gaulish, Celtiberian, Lepontic and Cisalpine Gaulish, together called Cisalpine Celtic in Italy, and Galatian; languages are also classified as P-Celtic or Q-Celtic by the development of Proto-Indo-European kw, a scheme debated against the Insular-Continental grouping, and scarcely attested languages such as that of the Cantabri are of uncertain Celtic status. Several Celtic languages are endangered and subject to revitalisation.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Celtic languages, relay classification debates, history, status and revitalisation from linguistics sources with attribution, describe the groupings the registry aliases name, and distinguish Celtic languages from Celtic culture generally, Italo-Celtic as a hypothesis and English dialects influenced by Celtic.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Initial consonant mutations","Verb-subject-object order in Insular languages","Endangered status","Classification debates"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What the Celtic languages are.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What are the Celtic languages, and how do they differ from Celtic culture, Italo-Celtic and Celtic-influenced English?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a specific language, history, learning or revitalisation?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"groups","name":"Groupings","description":"Named groupings.","findings":[{"id":"groups-finding","name":"Groupings","description":"Groupings.","questions":[{"text":"What are Q-Celtic, P-Celtic, Insular, Continental and Cisalpine Celtic, and what is known of Cantabrian?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific grouping?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"linguistics","name":"Linguistics","description":"Classification.","layers":[{"id":"debate","name":"Debate","description":"Classification debate.","findings":[{"id":"debate-finding","name":"Debate","description":"Debate.","questions":[{"text":"How do the Insular Celtic and P/Q-Celtic hypotheses differ, with scholars attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"features","name":"Features","description":"Features.","findings":[{"id":"features-finding","name":"Features","description":"Features.","questions":[{"text":"What features such as mutations and inflected prepositions characterise Celtic languages?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and revival.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Official status.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What legal status do Celtic languages have today?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Welsh Language Commissioner?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"revival","name":"Revival","description":"Revitalisation.","findings":[{"id":"revival-finding","name":"Revival","description":"Revival.","questions":[{"text":"How have Cornish and Manx been revived, and how is Irish and Breton education organised?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits language revitalization?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"ancient","name":"Ancient","description":"Ancient Celtic.","findings":[{"id":"ancient-finding","name":"Ancient","description":"Ancient.","questions":[{"text":"What do inscriptions tell us about Gaulish, Lepontic and Celtiberian?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Gaulish language?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"ogham","name":"Ogham","description":"Ogham.","findings":[{"id":"ogham-finding","name":"Ogham","description":"Ogham.","questions":[{"text":"What is ogham, and what do the inscriptions record?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits ogham?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the Celtic languages and their branches from linguistic sources.","Relay the status and revival efforts of each language.","Help learners of Irish, Welsh, Breton or other Celtic languages."],"mustNot":["Present endangered languages as dead or useless.","Confuse Goidelic and Brittonic languages.","Give wrong translations with confidence.","Take sides on political questions of language as fact."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing translations for official signs or documents."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Several Celtic languages are endangered and suffered suppression.","Language is central to identity in Celtic communities."],"affectedParties":["Speakers","Learners","Celtic communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a language; language boards and communities steward them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q19860","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q913431","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Indo-European languages","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Welsh","type":"related"},{"target":"Irish","type":"related"},{"target":"Italo-Celtic","type":"related","note":"hypothesis"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.celtic-languages","Wikidata: Q25293 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25293)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["living languages: 6 count - Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, the last two Manx and Cornish revived","Welsh speakers: about 540000 people - 2021 census, aged 3+","Lepontic inscriptions: from about 6th century BC note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Celtic branch of Indo-European","Q-Celtic, Insular Celtic, Continental Celtic, P-Celtic, Cantabrian, Cisalpine Celtic","Celtic culture is broader than language; Italo-Celtic is a debated grouping; Hiberno-English is English","Not a visible object; spoken and written languages, some once written in ogham."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classification with attribution","relay history and status","describe named groupings","distinguish related concepts"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting one classification as settled","Overstating Celtic status of poorly attested languages","Romanticising or politicising language revival"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Welsh Language Act and Measure","Official Languages Act 2003 in Ireland","European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Communication among speakers; a language family branch.","Goidelic languages","Brittonic languages","Continental Celtic languages","P-Celtic and Q-Celtic groupings","revived languages such as Cornish and Manx"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q25293: Celtic languages","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25293","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Celtic languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the Cantabrian alias be flagged as uncertain Celtic?","How should linguistics sources be linked?","How should speaker numbers be kept current?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q25293/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q25293/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T20:08:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:57+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}