{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.voltage","code":"thing-q25428","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q25428/","name":"voltage","alternateNames":["amplitude of voltage","open-circuit voltage","direct voltage","voltage phasor","RMS voltage","thermoelectric voltage","instantaneous voltage","medium voltage","phase to phase voltage","high voltage","proof test voltage","clamp voltage"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The difference in electric potential between two points, which drives electric current through a circuit, measured in volts (V); examples include battery voltages, mains supply of about 230 V in Europe and 120 V in North America, and high-voltage transmission lines.","purpose":"Let an agent explain voltage by definition, measurement and everyday values, and route electric shock and electrical hazards to emergency help and qualified electricians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Potential difference","Measured in volts","AC or DC","Higher voltages are more hazardous"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"What it is.","layers":[{"id":"define","name":"Define","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"define-finding","name":"Define","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is voltage, and how does it relate to current and resistance by Ohm law?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is the voltage in this circuit?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"acdc","name":"AC and DC","description":"Types.","findings":[{"id":"acdc-finding","name":"AC and DC","description":"AC and DC.","questions":[{"text":"How do AC and DC voltage differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What does RMS mean?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"Meters.","layers":[{"id":"meter","name":"Meter","description":"Using a multimeter.","findings":[{"id":"meter-finding","name":"Meter","description":"Measuring voltage.","questions":[{"text":"How is voltage measured safely with a multimeter?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which meter category rating is needed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"travel","name":"Travel","description":"Mains abroad.","findings":[{"id":"travel-finding","name":"Travel","description":"Mains abroad.","questions":[{"text":"What mains voltage and plug type are used in this country?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the device accept that voltage?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Hazards.","layers":[{"id":"shock","name":"Shock","description":"Electric shock.","findings":[{"id":"shock-finding","name":"Shock","description":"Electric shock.","questions":[{"text":"Has someone had an electric shock or is still in contact with a live source?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Should the power be switched off without touching them and emergency services called?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"wiring","name":"Wiring","description":"Mains work.","findings":[{"id":"wiring-finding","name":"Wiring","description":"Mains work.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user planning work on mains wiring?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Should a qualified electrician be used, according to local rules?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"engineering","name":"Engineering","description":"Design.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Circuit design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Circuit design.","questions":[{"text":"Which voltage regulator or supply suits this circuit?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What tolerance is acceptable?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"grid","name":"Grid","description":"Transmission.","findings":[{"id":"grid-finding","name":"Grid","description":"Transmission voltages.","questions":[{"text":"Why is electricity transmitted at high voltage?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What voltages are used here?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Measure and report voltage on equipment it is authorized to work with, using rated instruments.","Explain supply voltages in different countries and when a converter is needed."],"mustNot":["Work on or advise untrained people to work on live mains or high-voltage equipment.","Bypass isolation, earthing or protective devices.","Connect devices to a supply voltage they are not rated for.","Approach high-voltage lines or equipment closer than safe distances."],"requiresHuman":["Energising or isolating a circuit that others may be working on."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Electric shock kills; voltage safety rules protect workers and households.","Unsafe wiring causes fires that harm neighbours too."],"affectedParties":["Electricians and maintenance workers","Households","Children near electrical equipment"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the quantity; the network operator answers for the supply and electrical safety regulators set the rules.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q181175","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3707379","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"scalar quantity","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"volt","type":"related","note":"unit"},{"target":"electric current","type":"related","note":"effect"},{"target":"voltmeter","type":"related","note":"instrument"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.voltage","Wikidata: Q25428 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428)","SI unit: volt (V) derived unit"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["nominal mains voltage: 230 (Europe) or 120 (North America) V - AC supply"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Values in volts on labels","High voltage warning signs","Current is measured in amperes","Not visible; shown on meters, labels and warning signs."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain voltage, current and resistance","measure voltage safely with a meter","check mains voltage and plug compatibility when travelling","recognise electrical hazards"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electric shock and burns","Using devices on the wrong voltage","Untrained work on mains wiring"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IEC 60038 standard voltages","EU Low Voltage Directive","National wiring regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electrical engineering, electronics and everyday power use.","DC voltage","AC voltage and RMS values","low, extra-low and high voltage","open-circuit voltage","thermoelectric voltage"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q25428: voltage","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Voltage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should voltage categories be separate entries?","How should national mains data be linked?","How should safety guidance be localised?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q25428/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q25428/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T12:34:42Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:57+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}